Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935)
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видо-временную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (b) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
a) 1. The importance of scientific research is growing with every day.
2. A group of seven engineers has worked out the technology for producing a new alloy.
3. There are only two kinds of energy transfer - wave motion and particle motion.
4. By that time Niels Bohr had already accepted Rutherford's model of the atom.
b) 1. The data of the latest research in this field of science are often referred to.
2. Gold is not affected by moisture.
3. The laboratory of our Institute was given a new task.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т. е укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или составной частью глагола - сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. The only force acting on a freely falling body in vacuum is gravity.
2. When placed over a fire, a substance becomes hot.
3. Steam is usually generated in a boiler heated by fire.
4. While studying the properties of electrons atomic physicists solved many other problems.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. Radio waves can be used for different purposes.
2. Ultra-violet radiation may produce ionization.
3. They will be able to create the necessary conditions in the laboratory.
4. The experiments must be conducted at room temperature.
5. The experiments are to clarify this point of view.
6. The constituents of this compound had to be determined at very low temperatures.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста.
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935)
1. К. Е. Tsiolkovsky was born near Ryazan, south of Moscow in 1857. In his childhood he began to take interest in physics and mathematics. . In 1895 he was beginning to mention space flight in his papers and in 1898 was writing about the necessity for liquid-fuel rocket engines. His first work, dealing with the fundamentals of rocket propulsion, was written in 1898, but it was published only five yean later. Thus it took approximately two hundred years for someone to formulate a practical application of Newton's law of action versus reaction.
3. In 1903 Tsiolkovsky began a series of articles for an aviation magazine in which he went into the theory of rocketry quite thoroughly, and on this his reputation as a pioneer of space flight rests. He wrote of space suits, satellites and the colonization of the solar system and was the first to suggest space station. By the 1930s he was a well-known scientist in the Russian Federation. At this time the country was already interested in some sort of space program.
4. Two very important contributions were offered by Tsiolkovsky: the notion of multi-stage rockets, and the idea of using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as fuel.
5. The tombstone on Tsiolkovsky's grave carries the message "Mankind will not remain tied to earth forever", and so it proved. Twenty-two years after his death the Russians launched the first man-made satellite, and Sputnik I made a wonderful memorial for this great man. Tsiolkovsky died in Kaluga in 1935.
V. Прочтите 4-й и 5-й абзацы текста и дайте ответ письменно на следующий вопрос:
Why can we say that Tsiolkovsky's dream (мечта) that "mankind will not remain tied to earth forever is now a reality?
Контрольная состоит из нескольких заданий. Контрольная работа по английскому несложная. Здесь есть задание на перевод с английского на русский язык. Чтобы правильно переводить с английского на русский язык, необходимо много времени уделить изучению грамматики английского языка.
