Mechanization and Electrification. Контрольные.
Mechanization and Electrification
Mechanization and electrification are used in all branches of agriculture. Agricultural machinery and implements including different types of tractors, bulldozers with numerous attachments, combines, harvesters, crimpers, stubble cleaners, ploughs, sweeps, weeding harrows, drills, manure spreaders, etc. help the farmers to increase their farm's production and reduce costs. Alongside with machinery specially intended for seeding, tillage, cultivation, fertilization, thinning and other kinds of field work extensive use is made of various devices for protecting plants against pests, diseases and weeds. Widely used are rain-guns and sprayers- turbine mist blowers, aerosole foggers and fumigators.
There also exist many machines for processing agricultural products. They comprise special machines for the preparation of dairy products, honey, wine, cider, vinegar, oils, sugar, syrups and preserves.
A lot of farm machines are driven by electric motors. They operate irrigation, pumps, threshing and fanning as well as grain-drying units and other installations connected with field husbandry. Electric motors supply water to the cow house and heat it, cut ensilage, warm hotbeds, actuate milking machines, prepare provender in the feed-processing building, feed it to the cattle, remove barnyard manure.
Electric incubators hatch chicks and ducklets, while eggs are electrically gathered, graded and packed «on the line».
Sheep are sheared electrically. Ultraviolet irradiation units are effective in preventing and curing rachitis, in eliminating infection, cleaning contaminated air in cow houses, etc.
ВАРИАНТ 3
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на перевод пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. The farm has finished the installation of a new automatic feeding system.
2. Scientists are working on the modification of known machinery.
1. A new tractor- and harvester-making plant was constructed in the town.
2. A milking machine is used for automatic milking of the cows.
II. Выпишите из текста предложение, сказуемое которого стоит в пассиве. Подчеркните сказуемое и переведите это предложение.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т. е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. General purpose tractors used on most farms are of the most common type.
2. Unless tested the machine must not be put into operation.
3. Having a mighty pulling power, a tractor passes through any difficult ground.
4. Vaporizing-oil engines starting on petrol are similar to petrol engines.
IV. Выпишите из текста предложение, в котором употребляется Participle I или Participle II. Подчеркните Participle и переведите предложение.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент.
Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The plant must provide our farmers with the necessary equipment.
2. We can raise labour productivity by increasing mechanization on farms.
3. The new machine had to supply water to the cow house.
4. For machine harvesting tomatoes should not ripen simultaneously.
VI. Выпишите из текста эквиваленты к словам и словосочетаниям:
приспособления для защиты растений от болезней
электродвигатели приводят в действие насосы
лущильник
VII. Перепишите текст и переведите его письменно.
VIII. Перепишите предложения, заполняя пропуски соответствующими данными по вашему хозяйству (тип хозяйства, наименование сельскохозяйственной продукции, цифровые данные и т. п.).
1. The most difficult work on our farm is done by _.
2. Milkmaids use _ for milking cows.
3. Our farm has such modem equipment as_
Данная контрольная будет полезна тем, кто в будущем будет работать в сельском хозяйстве.
