Russia 1
Russia
1. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
1. Russia is the world’s largest country, stretching over eastern Europe and northern Asia. It covers twice the territory of either the US or China. Russia is bounded in the west by Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus, and the Ukraine and is bounded in the south by Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China and North Korea.
2. Russia displays a variety of land-forms and environments. Russia is located on two main plains – the Russian (East European) Plain and the West Siberian Plain. The Ural Mountains, the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia, run for over 2,000 kilometers from north to south.
3. Russia is a land of long rivers and deep lakes. The broad Volga River system is of great historic, economic and cultural importance to Russia. It is the Longest river in Europe extending 3700 kilometers from Valdai Hills to the Caspian Sea. Russia has also several sizable lakes. The Caspian Sea, partially within the territory of the country, is the world's largest inland body of water. Lake Baikal, in Eastern Siberia, is the deepest lake in the world.
4. Russia's climate is markedly continental, with cold winters and mild or warm summers, depending on latitude. The tundra’s ground is solidly frozen most of the year. The taiga gives way southward to a zone of deciduous forests.
And Southern Russia is covered with mixed forest-steppe that gives way to true steppe, which is grass-covered and almost treeless.
5. Russia is among the world's richest countries in mineral resources. It produces coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, copper and others.
6. The population of Russia is about 150 million people. Members of more than 60 other ethnic groups also live In Russia, and about 25 of these minorities have their own autonomous republics within the Russian Federation.
7. The Russian Federation is set up by the Constitution of 1993. According to die Constitution Russia is a Presidential Republic. The President is elected for four years and is the head of the State. The Federal Government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. All of them are checked by the President.
8. Russia has always played an important role in the world. It is one of its leading powers.
2. Перепишите и письменно переведите 3 абзац.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения в Passive Voice, определите время и вид сказуемого, переведите предложения.
- The Russian Federation is set up by the Constitution of 1993.
- Russia's chemical industry has always been well developed.
- After 1870 the fast railway engineering in Russia was stimulated by industrial boom.
- To the north of the capital medieval Russian towns are situated.
4. Перепишите предложения. Замените модальные глаголы их эквивалентами и поставьте их в прошедшую и в будущую форму времени Simple, активного залога; переведите предложения.
- The climate in the central part of Russia can be considered as mild.
- We may see steppes in the south; plains and forests in the midlands; tundra and taiga in the North; highlands and deserts in the East.
- The longest rivers must be considered Volga in Europe and the Ob, the Yenisei and the Lena in Asia.
5. Письменно ответьте на вопросы.
- What is the geographical position of Russia?
- What mineral resources does Russia have?
- What leading towns of Russia do you know?
- What is the structure of the government of Russia?
6. Найдите в тексте и объясните формы образования (3 абзац) множественного числа существительных, подчеркните их.
