Supercharging
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, определите его видо-временную форму и залог.
1) The ship is equipped in accordance with the provisions of the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships.
2) For generating steam for main engine fire-tube boilers have been replaced by water-tube boilers.
3) The company has refused to make repairs to the damaged boiler on the m/v “Maria Ulyanova”.
4) The storm began when the ship was approaching the port.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) The ship built in a foreign port is usually repaired at the same yard.
2) The condensing turbines exhaust their steam to a condenser.
3) The auxiliary pump is used when the turbine is started.
4) When received, pistons are carefully checked and measured against their original dimensions.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите на русский язык.
1) This loss, however, can be minimized by careful design.
2) The hose is to be connected and disconnected by the shore attendant.
3) Hard particles may also be produced by corrosion.
4) Cylinder liners must be examined externally for deposits of scale.
4. Прочитайте и письменно переведите текст, обращая внимание на пояснения к тексту.
Supercharging
Supercharging, or pressure charging, is a means of increasing the power output of a given engine. It is the process of filling the engine cylinder with air before the compression stroke starts. The pressure of this air is above atmospheric in order to get a greater weight of air into the cylinder. If to start with a higher pressure, the final compression pressure will be higher. This means that if the engine is supercharged, the volume of the compression space must be enlarged if the compression pressure, will be higher. This means that if the engine is supercharged, the volume of their compression space must be enlarged, if the compression pressure is to be kept the same.
Having a greater weight of air in the cylinder more fuel is burnt. Although more oil is burnt there is more air present and the ratio of oil to air is the same as without supercharging.
Exhaust occurs at a higher pressure, but the temperature of the exhaust is lower than with ordinary operation. The inlet valve opens before the exhaust valve closes and the inlet air being higher in pressure than the exhaust gases at the time the inlet valve opens. The air is blown through the compression space, scavenging out the gases and cooling them, the piston and cylinder walls. This action completely fills the cylinder space with fresh air and the net increase in power developed in the engine may be as much as 50 %.
In modern Diesel engines exhaust gas turbocharging is widely used. The exhaust-driven turbochargers operate on the pulse system or on the constant-pressure principle, and are independent of the crankshaft. Their speed changes with the load on the engine. The air compressed by the turbochargers flows into the scavenging-air receiver and through non-return valve into the chambers below each cylinder. Here it is further compressed by the pistons on their downward stoke before flowing into the combustion space when the pistons uncover the scavenge ports.
When the turbocharger is out of action, the ship can run at 75% of her normal speed.
Контрольная по английскому языку состоит из нескольких заданий. Эта контрольная предназначена для студентов технических вузов.
