THE CHANNEL TUNNEL
- I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future) и группы Perfect (Present, Past, Future) в действительном и страдательном залогах. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы
1. Automobiles were rushing in both directions and it was impossible to cross the street.
2. The construction of this high-speed line is being actively supported by the government.
3. Until recently, the price difference between the first and second-class tickets on the Spanish Railways had been amounted to 81%. - II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную форму.
1. Before the invention of steel all railways cars _ of wood (to make - Past Perfect Passive) of wood.
2. We arrived at the railway station when the train _ (to approach - Past Continuous Active) the platform.
3. The construction of the new circular road which will link (to link - Future Indefinite Active) several districts _ (to start) - Present Perfect Passive) recently. - III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильную форму сказуемого (Active or Passive)
1. A new device (has tested; has been tested) in the lab.
2. I know that these engines (are producing; are being produced) in Minsk.
3. The airplane (crosses; is crossed) the Atlantic Ocean in about ten hours. - IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление модальных глаголов. Подчеркните модальные глаголы в английских предложениях и в переводе
1. This equipment must be carried in boxcars because it requires protection against weather.
2. Passengers may buy tickets on the day of departure or reserve them in advance.
3. The Trans-Europe expresses are equipped with interurban telephones through which the traveler can contact office or home.
V. Образуйте от данных глаголов две формы Participle I. Полученные причастия переведите на русский язык
Model: to install - a) installing - устанавливающий, устанавливая
b) having installed - установив.
1) to build
2) to replace
3) to install
4) to come
5) to produce
6) to propose
7) to leave
8) to fly
9) to carry
10) to arrive
11) to show
12) to get
13) to follow
14) to sell
15) to improve - VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle I в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните причастия I в английских предложениях и в переводе.
1. Passengers leaving for London were requested to register and to weigh their luggage.
2. He jumped on the step of the moving train.
3. Having arrived two days before the conference, he had a lot of time to see London. - VII. Образуйте Participle II от глаголов, данных в скобках. Полученные словосочетания переведите
Model: a (to write) article - a written article - написанная статья.
1) a (to damage) car
2) freight (to transport) by railways
3) an engine of (to improve) design
4) (to weigh) luggage
5) a (to choose) profession
6) a (to restore) bridge
7) a locomotive (to drive) by steam
8) figures (to mention) in the report
9) the (to forget) promise
10) the distance (to cover) by train - VIII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните причастия II в английских предложениях и в переводе.
1. Kerosene is a fuel used in jet engines.
2. When drawn by electric locomotive, the trains may consist of more than ninety cars.
3. A train equipped with a tilting mechanism can pass the curve at a high speed.
IX. Перепишите и переведите текст
THE CHANNEL TUNNEL
The first design of the Channel Tunnel was proposed in 1751. Since that time, dozens of proposals had been considered before the actual tunneling began. The work proceeded very quickly and was successfully completed in 6 years. The Tunnel was opened for traffic on May 7, 1994.
The Channel Tunnel actually consists of three tunnels: the two running tunnels* and the service tunnel**. Single-track railway lines are laid down in each of the running tunnels. Normally, one of them carries passenger and freight trains from Britain to France and the other carries trains in the opposite direction. If one of the running tunnels is closed down for maintenance, the other is used for train movement in both directions. A smaller third tunnel lies between the two train tunnels. It is called the service tunnel. There is a roadway inside it, so maintenance workers and emergency teams can reach any point of the Tunnel system in their road vehicles. The service tunnel is linked to the running tunnels at regular intervals by cross-passages***. In case of emergency or a train breakdown, the passengers will leave the train through one of the cross-passages into the service tunnel where road vehicles will evacuate them to a safer place.
The total length of the Tunnel is about fifty kilometers. Thirty-seven kilometers of the line are under the waters of the English Channel. The electric trains run every three minutes during peak hours, providing the carrying capacity of 4,000 vehicles per hour in both directions.
A typical passenger shuttle consists of twenty-six wagons. A half of them are double-deck carriages for carrying cars of average size. Thirteen single-¬deck wagons are used for transporting buses and vans. Freight shuttles consist of twenty-five single-deck wagons. Each of them is capable of carrying a vehicle weighing up to forty-four tons. Two electric locomotives are coupled in front and at the rear of each shuttle.
The time of crossing the Tunnel is thirty-five minutes, about an hour less than by ferry. Passengers and drivers remain in their vehicles. The gauge of the tunnel railway is standard that is why the tunnel can be used for international passenger and freight trains.
Notes: * running tunnel - железнодорожный тоннель ** service tunnel - служебный тоннель ***cross-passage - поперечный переход - X. Ответьте на общие вопросы в соответствии с содержанием текста.
1. Was the first design of the Channel Tunnel proposed in 1851?
2. Had only two projects been considered before the actual tunneling began?
3. Did the construction proceed very quickly?
4. Are double-track railway lines laid down in the running tunnels?
5. Is there a roadway inside the service tunnel?
6. Do the electric trains operate in the Channel Tunnel?
7. Does a typical passenger shuttle consist of 26 wagons?
8. Is the time of crossing the Channel Tunnel 30 minutes?
9. Are two electric locomotives coupled in front and at the rear of each shuttle?
10. Can the Tunnel be used for international passenger and freight trains?
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