The first calculating device
Control Work
Task 1. Read the questions and write the answers (прочитайте вопросы и напишите ответы):
1. What would you like to eat to breakfast?
2. What would you like to drink in the evening?
3. What would you prefer for dessert?
4. What would you like for the second course at the cafe?
5. Would you like coffee with sugar and milk?
Task 2. Translate the dialogue between wife and husband (переведите разговор между женой и мужем):
Жена: Я хотела бы где-нибудь пообедать.
Муж: Куда бы ты хотела пойти?
Жена: Я хотела бы пойти в ресторан «Бристоль»?
Муж: Нет, это слишком дорого.
Жена: Ты бы хотел пойти в кафе?
Муж: Там слишком шумно.
Жена: Тогда куда бы ты хотел пойти?
Муж: Я хотел бы поесть дома, дорогая. Приготовь мне что-нибудь, пожалуйста.
Task 3. Answer the questions. Use access, crash, database, E-mail, floppy disk (diskette), hard disk, hardware, laptop, multimedia, software, the Internet, virtual reality(VR),virus, web site(site), World Wide Web.
1. What computer system makes it possible to send letters very quickly?
2. What programs provide colorful pictures and sound?
3. What do we call a disk on which large quantity of information can be stored?
4. What is the term for a set of instructions secretly put into a computer that destroys the information stored in it and stops it from working normally?
5. What is WWW?
6. What store of information can you easily put into your pocket?
Task 4. Use the words from Task 3.
1. The new system made it easier _all the information.
2. If you want to send an urgent message, _ is the fastest way.
3. Some games are based on the effect of _ and allow us to escape from everyday life.
4. Something has gone wrong with the _in my computer. I can’t obtain the necessary data.
5. My computer has got some bugs and often _.
6. The program that I wrote doesn’t work as there is a _ in it.
Task 5. Read and translate the text.
The first calculating device used was the ten fingers of a man’s hands. This, in fact, is why today we still count in tens and multiples of tens. Then the abacus was invented, a bead frame in which the beads are moved from left to right.
During the 17th and 18th centuries many people tried to find easy ways of calculating. J.Napier, a Scotsman, devised a mechanical way of multiplying and dividing, which is how the modern slide rule works. Henry Briggs and Napier’s ideas to produce logarithm tables which all mathematicians use today. Calculus, another branch of mathematics, was independently invented by both Sir Isaac Newton, an Englishman, and Leibnitz, a German mathematician.
The first real calculating machine appeared in 1820 as the result of several people’s experiments. This type of machine, which saves a great deal of time and reduces the possibility of making mistake, depends on a series of ten-toothed gear wheels. In 1830 Charles Babbage, an Englishman, designed a machine called ‘The Analytical Engine’. This machine, which Babbage showed at the Paris Exhibition in 1855, was an attempt to out the human being altogether, except for providing thee machine with the necessary facts about the problem to be solved. He never finished his work, but many of his ideas were the basis for building today’s computers.
In 1930, the first analog computer was built by an American named Vannevar Bush. This device was used in World War II to help aim guns. Mark I, the name given to the first digital computer, was completed in 1944. The men responsible for this invention were Professor Howard Aiken and some people from IBM .* This was the first machine that could figure out long lists of mathematical problems, all at a very fast rate.
In 1946 two engineers at the University of Pennsylvania, J. Eckert and J.Mauchly, built the first digital computer using parts called vacuum tubes. They named their new invention ENIAC. Another important advancement in computers came in 1947, when John von Newmann developed the idea of keeping instructions of the computer inside the computer’s memory.
Данная контрольная по английскому языку довольно сложна. Здесь есть задание на перевод русского текста на английский язык. Чтобы выполнить эту контрольную необходимо тщательно повторить слова и грамматические правила.
