The Law of Torts
Task 1. Руководствуясь правилами чтения гласных под ударением, расположите приведенные ниже слова в соответствующих полях таблицы, укажите транскрипцию и дайте перевод на русский язык:
He, stuff, tyre, myth, start, go, bag, filter, care, adore, got, date, five, fire, first, student, north, purlin, prefer, here, shelf, type, myrtle, pure.
Буквы |
I тип (алфавитное чтение) |
II тип |
III тип |
IV тип |
A a |
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E e |
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O o |
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U u |
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I i |
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Task 2. Руководствуясь правилами чтения буквы Gg в разных буквосочетаниях, разместите следующие слова в соответствующих полях таблицы, укажите транскрипцию и дайте перевод на русский язык:
Gesture, gift, large, government, page, orange, gear, guilty.
[g]
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Task 3. Заполните пропуски соответствующими местоимениями. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. … student works at that table.
a) this b) them c) these d) that
2. Whose things are these? They are … .
a) ours b) our c) us d) them
3. I can take care of … .
a) themselves b) mine c) myself d) myselves
4. This is … brother Tom.
a) my b) me c) mine d) hers
5. You don’t understand … .
a) I b) my c) me d) myself
Task 4. Заполните пропуски нужными формами. Переведите получившиеся предложения на русский язык.
1. Look! … a letter on your desk.
a) There b) There are c) There is d) Is there
2. … a table and two chairs in the room.
a) There are b) There is c) There were d) Was there
3. … a meeting yesterday?
a) Is there b) Was c) Were there d) Was there
4. How many people … at the conference next Friday?
a) are there b) will be there c) there will be d) will there be
5. How many mistakes … in the article?
a) is b) are c) - d) are there
Task 5. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, определите в каждом из них время и залог глагола-сказуемого:
1. The USA is a federal union of 50 states; the basic law is a constitution which was adopted in 1787.
2. If a man breaks the law, he will be punished, because everybody is supposed to be equal before the law.
3. The Tower of London was founded by Julius Caesar and in 1066 was rebuilt by William the Conqueror.
4. London the capital of the United Kingdom has grown to become one of the most significant financial and cultural capitals of the world.
5. The Syrian public is being increasingly disgusted with the actions of some rebels.
Task 6. Соедините по смыслу слова и переведите полученные словосочетания на русский язык:
International, liberty, treaty, Supreme, social, Court of Justice, of speech, Court, legislation, of peace
Task 7. Письменно переведите предложения на русский язык, имея в виду различные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. The question of who may vote is a central issue in election.
2. The lawyer has to have the practical application of abstract legal theories and knowledge to solve specific individual problems.
3. Did the women’s suffrage movement give women in many countries the right to vote?
4. A general election is an election in which all or most members of a given political body are chosen.
5. The law still does prescribe specific punishment for large numbers of crimes, including some of the most serious ones.
Task 8. Письменно переведите следующие предложения на русский язык, определите время и вид подчеркнутых глаголов-сказуемых.
1. By the power invested in me, I now pronounce you husband and wife.
2. The judges had a field of choice in making their decisions.
3. If the defendant remains silent court will enter a plea of not guilty.
4. The police are now interrogating suspects and witnesses.
5. The Victoria police were removing people from the Senior Citizen Activity Centre.
Task 9. Переведите предложения на русский язык, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты.
1. Law may be regarded as rules governing behavior between people.
2. No nation which does not have an informed population in jurisprudence can be strong and free.
3. In the U.S.A. judges may be elected or appointed and, with rare exceptions, must be lawyers.
4. General jurisdiction means that a court can consider any type of case.
5. In both criminal and civil proceedings, a document must be filed with the court to start a proceeding.
Task 10. Сгруппируйте данные ниже слова но частям речи (существительные, прилагательные, наречия), переведите их на русский язык:
acquittal, supreme, legally, hereditary, legislative, annually, justice, innocent, property, burglary
Task 11. Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами и переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. A … consists of twelve men and women, chosen from ordinary people in local community.
a. Magistrates' Court b. cabinet c. jury d. court
2. An injured person brings action ... a wrongdoer.
a. for b. between c. with d. against
3. The judge …the case carefully and attained the verdict that the lady was innocent.
a. brought b. understood c. complied d. investigated
4. The policeman decided to … the passerby, the man being ready to help.
a. question b. sue c. subject d. arrest
5. The courts must … citizens' rights.
a. interpret b. defend c. explain d. perform
Task 12. Переведите текст на русский язык письменно, обратите внимание на перевод выделенных слов и выражений.
The Law of Torts
The law of “tort” is essentially the law of injuries and remedies for those injuries. Torts can thus include assault, battery, false imprisonment, negligence, invasion of privacy, defamation, fraud, trespass and other wrongs. Some of these wrongs may be both civil and criminal in nature. A battery, for example, may be prosecuted by the state as a violation of the criminal statutes. The offender may be sentenced to prison and be ordered to pay a fine to the state. In some cases, he may also be ordered to pay restitution to the victim. However, the battery may also be a civil tort as well. The victim (the plaintiff) may sue in civil court for the tort of battery. If the plaintiff is successful, the defender will be ordered to pay compensatory damages (to compensate for the injury) and punitive damages (to punish the defendant for having caused the act). In the United States, it is commonly believed that courts will enter punitive damages in an amount that is roughly three times the size of the compensatory damages (which are sometimes called the “special damages” by plaintiff’s lawyers). Thus, the essential purpose of the law of torts is compensatory and, though punitive damages may occasionally be awarded, its function is distinct from that of criminal law. Criminal law is essentially punitive and an injured party is not awarded compensation in the criminal proceedings.
Задания к тексту:
Найдите в тексте и напишите английские эквиваленты данных словосочетаний.
1. Быть приговоренным
2. Приказывать
3. Истец
4. Выплачивать штраф
5. Нарушение уголовных статусов
Ответьте письменно на вопросы.
1. What can tort include?
2. Give some example of wrongs that can be both civil and criminal by nature?
Составьте все возможные вопросы к предложению:
The offender may be sentenced to prison and be ordered to pay a fine to the state.
Эта контрольная должна выполнятся студентами юридических вузов. Если вам нужна помощь с английским, обращайтесь к нам.
