THE US ECONOMY
I. Прочитайте и переведите следующий текст.
THE US ECONOMY
Every economic system tries to anticipate and then meet human needs through the production and distribution of goods and services. The economic system is the mechanism that brings together natural resources, the labor supply, technology, and the necessary entrepreneurial and managerial talents. Although the type of economic system used by a nation is the result of a political decision, it is also in even larger part the result of a historical experience that, over time, becomes a national culture.
The first ingredient of an economic system is the natural resources from which goods are produced. The United States is a land rich in mineral resources and fertile farm soil, together with a moderate climate.
Second, the amount of available labor helps determine the health of an economy. Generally, the United States has been fortunate in having enough people to provide the labor necessary for a constantly expanding economy.
Although the United States has sometimes experienced periods of acute unemployment or the reverse, labor shortages, on the whole, immigrants came when work was plentiful. The US economy usually grew fast enough to absorb the newcomers, provided they were willing to work productively at slightly less than the wage rates paid to acculturated workers. Overall, immigrants prospered, earning far more than they would have in their native lands, and the economy of the nation prospered as well.
Large blocks of resources must be available for major investments. In America, entrepreneurs accumulate money and then invest in projects - buy supplies, hire workers and sell products that seem to give a high return on the original investment. This is determined on the basis of an assessment of the wants and needs of those who buy goods and services - what is known as consumer demand.
In the United States, the corporation has proved to be an effective device for accumulating funds for in vestment. This is a voluntary association of owners, known as stock-holders, who form a business enterprise that is marked by limited liability. The first entrepreneurial investment of capital having been made, modern America has developed a chain of managerial command whose job is to see that the business runs smoothly and efficiently.
II. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих русских слов и словосочетаний:
1) предвидеть, предвосхищать; 2) удовлетворять нужды; 3) производство и распределение товаров и услуг; 4) таланты предпринимателя и руководителя; 5) составная часть; 6) природные ресурсы; 7) быть богатым минеральными ресурсами; 8) плодородная почва; 9) умеренный климат; 10) острая безработица; 11) нехватка рабочей силы; 12) местные работники; 13) процветать; 14) быть доступным; 15) собирать, накапливать деньги; 16) возврат капитала; 17) оценка желаний и потребностей; 18) потребительский спрос; 19) акционеры; 20) предприятие с ограниченной ответственностью.
III. Выпишите из 1, 4 абзацев текста по одному предложению с причастием прошедшего времени {ParticipleII) в функции определения, подчеркните причастие.
IV. Выпишите из 3, 6 абзацев текста по одному предложению с герундием.
V. Выпишите из шестого абзаца текста одно предложение с независимым причастным оборотом.
VI. Выпишите из 5, б абзацев текста по одному предложению с субъектным инфинитивным оборотом.
VII. Ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы.
How does every economic system try to anticipate and meet human needs?
What is meant by the economic system?
What is the type of economic system determined by?
What are the ingredients of an economic system?
What makes entrepreneurs invest in projects?
Контрольная предназначена тем, кто изучает экономику в вузах.
