Track Machines

 


I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильную форму глагола.
1. They have / has weighed the product.
2. We have missed / miss the bus. Now we’ll have to walk.
3. Tools are put / are putting away when not in use.
4. Aluminium is / are used to make engine components and many other items.
5. He couldn’t get in because he has forgotten / had forgotten his key.

II. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильный предлог.
6. The telephone was invented by / of A.Bell.
7. I haven’t been to the city since / for October.

III. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильную форму причастия.
8. An alternator is a type of generator producing / produced alternating current.
9. A signal generator is an electronic device which produces signals using / used in tests and measurements.

IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильный вариант.
10. This is the place where / when we keep the tools.
11. An engineer is a person which / whose job is to design, build, or repair engines, machines, etc.

V. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильную неличную форму глагола.
12. This machine is easy to use / using.
13. A tool is an instrument that you hold in your hand and use for make or repair / making or repairing things.
14. I know Peter be / to be a very clever man.
15. They made me to repeat / repeat the story.

VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильную форму глагола.
16. If we not hurry / don’t hurry, we’ll be late.
17. If you will speak / speak slowly, I will understand you.
18. If he could find the tools, he will / would bring them to you.
19. If they aren’t / weren’t busy, they would come with us.
20. If they had warned him, he will / would have done the work in time.

VII. Переведите 1-й и 2-й абзацы. Прочтите 3-й абзац и письменно ответьте на вопрос: Какими устройствами могут быть оснащены путевые машины?
Track Machines
1. The track is laid on ballast, usually of crushed rock or slag. Every kilometer of a double-track line has 3000—5000 m3 of ballast, depending on the type of permanent way and the track spacing. The economical use of these large quantities of material poses a great problem for track engineers. The ballast is used to distribute the load from the sleepers uniformly over the foundation, to give the sleepers and track sufficient resistance against lateral and longitudinal movement, and to keep the track dry. Efficient drainage of the ballast is very important to prevent track destabilization.
2. The mechanizing and automating of manual operations is essential to reduce costs and increase safety. During maintenance, the geometry of the track should be restored without substantial exchange of track materials. This is provided by using safe, efficient and cost-saving machines for the maintenance of the track such as levelling, lining and tamping machines. The ballast cross-section is formed by ballast profiling machines. The knowledge of the quantities of ballast in the track is of great importance for track engineers.
3. Machines can be equipped with a measuring system and computer evaluation to measure the ballast profile. A ballast profiling machine with sweepers and ballast hoppers is required to pick up and deposit the ballast at the appropriate spots. After tamping it is important, especially on lines with a maximum speed of above 140 km/h, to sweep the sleeper surfaces and ballast.

 

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