Water transport
1. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог.
1. Some of the largest river systems in the world flow through Russia.
2. Between 1910 and 1920 the diesel was introduced in ships.
3. The industrial countries have produced a lot of goods which are carried to all parts of the world by ships.
4. Nowadays a few ships arе being built with nuclear reactors.
2. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle 2 и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола- сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Improvements introduced in the 20th century included more efficient types of engine.
2. The diesel-engined ships are called motor ships.
3. The Ob river dividing Novosibirsk into two parts flows the Kara Sea.
4. While increasing in the size and power many ports are being developed and re-developed.
3. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите на русский язык.
1. Seagoing ships can use some rivers such as the Thames in England, the Rhine and the Volga in Europe.
2. Generally a river has to be canalized before ships can use it.
3. A great deal should be done to improve ports.
4. A program for the reconstruction of London docks was to be carried out several years ago.
4. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст, обращая внимание на пояснения к тексту. Перепишите и устно переведите с 1-го по 5-ый абзацы текста.
Water transport
1. One of the most important things about water transport is the small effort needed to more floating craft.
2. We know the water transport in ancient time to have been developing most rapidly on great rivers. The middle of the 19th century proved to be the highest point in the development of sailing ships.
3. The rapid increase in the size and power of ships was promoted by the industrial revolution. A great deal was done to improve ports, and that permitted larger ships to use them and to make loading and unloading more qickly.
4. Seagoing ships can use some rivers, such as the Thames in England, the Rhine and the Volga in Europe and the Mississippi in the United States. Generally, however, a river has to be canalized before ships can use it. This means widening and deepening the channel and protecting its banks so that they don't wash away and block the river with mud.
5. Improvement introduced in the 20th century included the smoother and more efficient types of engines called steam turbines and the use of oil fuel instead of coal. Between 1910 and 1920 the diesel was introduced in ships. These diesel-engined ships are called motor ships. The largest ships, however are still generally driven by steam turbines.
6. Russia has more than 150 thousand big and small rivers with total length of 3 million kilometres. Some of the largest river systems in the world flow through Russia. The length of the Ob-Irtysh system is about 5,600 kilometres. Only three other river systems are longer: the Amazon, the Mississippi - Missouri and the Nile.
7. All the biggest rivers in Russia flow through plains; however, navigation is impeded by the fact that they become ice-bound for 4-6 months in the European part of Russia and for 8-9 months in the north of Siberia and the Far East.
8. Water transport has long been and remains the principal carrier of goods of every kind. The de velopment of inland and marine transport has therefore been at all times one of the main preoccupations of states. International ties and business contacts were established in this field much earlier than in others.
Это не очень сложная контрольная работа по английскому языку. Всего четыре задания. Одно из заданий - перевод текста.
