Who Suffers Or Benefits From Inflation?
1. Перепишите следующие предложения и письменно переведите их на русский язык. При переводе обратите внимание на место предлога в русском языке.
l. The new discovery is being much spoken about.
2. At present tests are usually relied on to supply the data.
3. Many materials now commonly used were not even thought of thirty years ago.
4. This simple rule is followed by the majority of scientists.
5. The use of metals is affected by a number of factors.
6. The proposal will be dealt with later.
2. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, выбирая русские глаголы с дополнением без предлога.
1. The working method of science may be dealt in several ways.
2. The exceptions are not easily accounted for.
3. Some urgent problems have been touched upon here.
3. Перепишите и письменно переведите следующий текст. Обратите внимание на место Participle II в качестве определения и способы его перевода.
Overtime hours are the hours worked in excess of the standard number of hours of week laid down in the conditions of employment. Hourly-paid employees are normally paid at a higher rate per hour for overtime than for standard hours, and it is therefore in their interests to get the number of standard hours reduced. The amount of overtime worked fluctuates in response to movements in aggregate demand. From 1968 to 1975 the standard number of hours worked per week in the UK fell by about 1 per cent to just under forty hours, whereas the number of hours actually worked per week has fallen by 5 per cent to a little over forty-two.
4. Перепишите следующие предложения. Выделите в них придаточные предложения, подчеркните их и определите тип. Предложения переведите.
1. Modern man lives in a crowded world with the benefits and inconveniences large crowds imply.
2. People find it profitable to trade the things they possess in overabundance for the things they want more urgently.
3. A student takes into consideration the market potential for the training he chooses to acquire.
4. Lowell died in 1817, but by this time the industry he had founded was firmly established.
5. You are deeply involved in economics whether you have taken a course in it or not. Every time you buy a can of beans or collect a paycheck or put $20 in your savings account, you affect not only your own economic life, but also the lives of others.
6. Some people say American great cities are monuments of progress; others say they are symptoms of social disease.
7. The value of the dollar is determined by how much it will buy. Money is as "good" as the amount of food, electricity, clothing, etc', you can get in exchange for it.
5. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обратив внимание на порядок слов в придаточных предложениях.
1. The movement would have remained ineffective, had it not found an army in the recently developed class of industrial workmen.
2. Had the antifascist, antiwar forces been able at that time to unite, World War 11 could have been prevented; fifty million would not have had to die.
3. Only if we bear the future in mind, will we be able to guide and correctly invest our energies at the present time". (P. Kapitsa)
6. Перепишите следующие предложения. Укажите, в каком значении употребляются в них глаголы should / would. Предложения переведите.
1. In principle, the price increases should eliminate the excess demand. The idea that we should consume less, in order to save and invest more was much criticized.
3. The bulk of company's reserves would be invested in the business.
4. An industry with low concentration would be one, which contained a hundred firms each of approximately the same size.
5. The firm's demand for labour would be determined by a complex of factors.
6. To judge by these factors would be risky.
7. It would be wrong to think that the intellectual capacities of an individual man are inexhaustible.
7. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык приводимый ниже текст.
Who Suffers Or Benefits From Inflation?
Inflation affects people differently: some suffer, while others benefit. Those most likely to suffer from inflation are people living on relatively fixed incomes, savers, lenders and business.
During periods of inflation the cost of living increases. Therefore it is
necessary to earn more just to maintain your present living standard. How much of an increase is necessary? At least as much as the rate of inflation.
Some people put their money into savings accounts or bonds that guarantee a fixed rate of returns (usually called "interest"). Unless the rate of return is at least as high as the inflation rate, the money returned to a saver will purchase less than the sum he or she set aside. Those who lend money are in the same position as those who save.
Business is hurt by inflation because it causes uncertainty and makes it hard for managers to predict future costs. Besides, it raises production cost.
Those who can easily increase their incomes, borrowers and government, can benefit from inflation.
Certain professions, industries and labour groups find it easier to increase prices and wages during periods of inflation than at other times. A case in point is the retail jewelry trade. During periods of inflation the price of jewelry has generally increased faster than the cost of living. The result has been higher profit margins for jewelers.
Контрольная по английскому языку предназначена для студентов экономических специальностей.
