Контрольная по английскому Country
II COURSE
CONTROL WORK N1
I. Divide the nouns into countable and uncountable. Make plural from countable nouns. Example: territory – territories; product – products.
Country, businessman, fuel, man, money, information, service, industry, coffee, processing, problem, good, trade, plant, manufacturing, consumer, growth, economy, agriculture, water, resource, news.
Countable: Country - countries, businessman – businessmen, man – men, service – services, industry – industries, problem – problems, plant – plants, consumer – consumers, economy – economies, resource – resources
Uncountable: fuel, money, information, coffee, processing, good, trade, manufacturing, growth, agriculture, water, news
II. Put am (not), Are (not), is (not), into the gaps
1. I … a student of mining.
2. Crop and animal farming … the main branches of agriculture.
3. The manager … in the office.
4. Agriculture and manufacturing … important in all economies.
5. You … a student. You … a manager of an agricultural company.
6. Crop farming … possible in the central regions of Russia in early spring.
7. I … a student of medicine, I … a student of the economics department.
8. Fuel … important for all industries.
III. Make the following sentences negative and questions, answer the questions.
1. Crop farming is very important for every economy.
2. Processing is important for all mineral resources.
3. I am a bank manager.
4. My friends are plant managers.
5. The growth of trade is very quick in this country.
6. Mining is a part of the service sector.
IV. Put is/are into the gaps.
1. There … 2 main branches of agriculture - crop and animal farming.
2. There … no growth in the economy this year.
3. There … no mineral resources in this part of the country.
4. There … many branches of manufacturing in that region.
5. There … no trade between the two counties.
V. Put the verbs into the correct form, make the following sentences negative and questions.
1. The plant (to produce) many different machines for farmers.
2. They usually (to grow) flowers in their garden.
3. Agriculture and manufacturing (to provide) hundreds of new goods for consumers every year.
4. Consumers (to pay) for some extra services, such as medicine, education, transport.
5. This big company (to provide) fuel for many plants and factories in the area.
6. Mining industry (to provide) resources for manufacturing branches of economy.
7. These plants (to process) products of crop farming.
VI. Answer the following questions.
1. What are the sectors of the economy?
2. What industries does the primary sector include?
3. Why does mining belong to the secondary sector?
4. How do manufacturing industries produce goods?
5. Do any services belong to the secondary sector?
6. What does the tertiary sector include?
7. What countries produce agricultural products and minerals?
8. Which sector grows in industrialized countries?
VII. Using there is/there are construction say how many:
1. rooms in your flat or house;
2. days in January, February, March.
3. days and months in a year;
4. capitals in your country;
5. friends you have;
6. hobbies you have;
7. students in your group;
8. favourite authors you have;
VIII. Put the verbs in the correct form
1. Factories (not to use) this method of processing.
2. Not only goods but also services (to be) important for consumers.
3. The industry (not to use) the resources intensively.
4. The factory (to belong) to a Japanese company.
5. The primary sector (not to include) services to consumers.
6. There (to be) a lot of agricultural land in this part of the country.
7. Manufacturing (to grow) fast in the UK and mining (not to grow fast now).
8. There (to be) several industries which (to belong) to the primary sector.
9. You (to be) a manager?
IX. Make sentences either positive or negative on their sense.
1. Manufacturing industries (to be) important in all countries.
2. Agriculture (to include) crop and animal farming.
3. Mining (to belong) to the service sector.
4. Industries of the primary sector (to process) resources.
5. Fishing, forestry, and beekeeping (to be) industries of the secondary sector, they (to belong) to the primary sector.
6. Countries which (to be) rich in land (to produce) agricultural products.
1. Mining (to be) a very important industry in Russia.
2. Agriculture (to provide) goods for consumers and manufacturing.
3. In industrialized countries, the service sector (to grow) very fast.
III COURSE
CONTROL WORK N 2
Exercises
I. Put the nouns into 2 columns (singular and plural).
Study, economists, economics, goods, behaviour, approach, money, model, phenomena, areas, analyses, labour, growth, datum, information, science, lives.
II.Change collocations (словосочетания) into possessive case. Example: work of manager- manager’s work.
1. Goods of the seller; 2. goods of the sellers; 3. behaviour of the buyer; 4. behaviour of the buyers; 5. behaviour of the woman; 6. behaviour of the women; 7. work of an economist; 8. work of economists; 9. services of the seller;
10. services of the sellers; 11. people of the town; 12 people of the towns.
III. Change the underlined collocations into personal pronouns. Example: We are interested in prices for the services – We are interested in prices for them.
1. The woman is an economist.
2. The prices are high.
3. People produce goods and services.
4. Prices of resources affect prices of goods.
5. Economics is interesting.
6. He is interested in economics.
7. Prices in the markets are important for all people.
8. Prices for everyday goods are important for this woman.
9. The study of agricultural markets is not interesting for the man. The man is a doctor.
10. A model usually includes essential elements of a particular economic situation.
11. The development of markets is important for an economist.
IV Change the sentences using the infinitive of purpose
Example: Managers study the situation in the market as/because they want to know how many goods to produce. = Managers study the situation in the market to know how many goods to produce.
1. We study economics because we want to work as managers.
2. Farmers grow animals because they want to produce milk and meat.
3. Factories and plants use fuel and energy as they are necessary to process resources.
4. Companies produce goods as they want to sell them.
5. Mining gets minerals from the earth as it must provide resources for manufacturing.
6. Factories process resources because they want to sell them as goods.
7. Economists make models because the want to use them in economic analyses.
VI. Answer the questions to the text
1. What problems are economists interested in?
2. What are three main approaches to economics?
3. What specialized areas of economics do you know?
4. Why do economists use economic models?
5. Why is it not possible to include all the details in a model?
6. What does a model usually include?
7. Which of the models does an economist always choose?
8. Why is it necessary for an economist to collect and study actual data?
VI translate the following collocations
1. Market analysis, labour economics, labour market study, goods and services prices,
2. growth economics problems, actual economic situation details, consumer behaviour,
3. future prediction, growth mechanism, agriculture and manufacturing relationship,
4. mineral resources prices, agricultural product price growth, area development, trade
5. growth prediction.
VII. use the verbs in brackets in the correct form
1. Economists (to study) situations from real life by means of economic models.
2. Economists (to be) interested in relationship between prices for goods and buyers’ behaviour.
3. The buyer (to choose) goods for which he (to have) enough money.
4. He (not to follow) our recommendations.
5. The manager (to make) decisions only after careful analysis of all the data.
6. She always (to buy) a lot of clothes.
7. The data (not to be) necessary now.
8. The prices for fuel (to be) very high.
9. A consumer (to be) a person who (to buy) goods and services.
10. There (to be) several mining areas in this country.
III COURSE
CONTROL WORK N 3
Exercises
I. Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple tense.
1. She (not/to be) at work last week. Her children (to be) ill.
2. The economist (not/to be) in his Moscow office yesterday.
3. The economist’s prediction (to be) correct.
4. We (not/to be) University students last year.
5. It (to be) difficult for me to learn English at school.
6. The data (not/to be) correct enough.
7. The prices for the services (not/to be) high at that time.
8. There (not/to be) many plants in the area.
9. The prices for agricultural products (to be) low.
II. Put the verbs in brackets in the present simple passive.
1. The goods (to sell) at a high price.
2. English (to teach) at schools and universities.
3. The method (to use) in processing milk.
4. Goods for consumers (to provide) by industry and agriculture.
5. Workers (to employ) by firms.
6. Medicine (not/to study) by school students, but economics (to study) at school.
7. I (to ask) to help my granny work in the garden.
8. We (not/to teach) music at university.
III. Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple passive.
1. When this book (to write)?
2. These goods (to produce) in the USA.
3. Not many bank services (to provide) for clients in the Soviet Union.
4. I (not to teach) French at school, I (to teach) English.
5. Several models (to make) by the economists.
6. Such a situation (to predict) by economists long ago.
7. Consumers’ behaviour (to study) by a group of economists.
8. This plant (to build) 35 years ago.
9. Who (to make) the manager of the factory?
IV. Put the verbs in brackets in the past simple tense.
1. What data the economist (to analyze) last year? – He (to analyze) changes in prices for chocolate.
2. I (not/to study) economics last year.
3. My parents (not/to study) economics at the university, they (to study) medicine.
4. Trade between the two countries (to develop) well last year.
5. What goods this firm (to sell)?
6. They (to make) a correct decision? – No, the…
7. Industry (to develop) fast at that time?
V. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form (present/past, active/passive).
1. Economists (to consider) a firm as an economic unit.
2. The company (to distribute) its goods in many Russian cities, but some goods (to distribute) in European countries.
3. The family income (not/to rise) last year.
4. Consumers (to provide) with both goods and services in this supermarket.
5. The living standard of population (to fall) last year?
6. New workers (to employ) by the company every year?
7. The firm (not to supply) the city with agricultural products.
8. The new economic plan is good and no changes (to require) in it.
9. Proper policy (to use) by the government 2 year ago.
10. Government investments (to require) by this plant last year.
VI. Answer the questions to the text.
1. What does macroeconomics study?
2. Whose economic behaviour is studied by microeconomics?
3. When did microeconomic approach dominate in economics?
4. How are individuals considered by microeconomics?
5. When did economists’ interest in macroeconomics grow?
6. How is economy considered in macroeconomics?
7. What stimulated the development of macroeconomics?
8. What problems were analyzed in the 1930s?
9. What is studied by development economics?
VII. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
1. In the past clothes (to make) by individuals, now clothes (to make) both by individuals and at big factories.
2. Some years ago the plant (not/to manufacture) televisions, it only (to manufacture) radios. No both radios and televisions (to manufacture) here.
3. Such a situation (not/to predict) by the group of economists who (to study) the problem last year.
4. Prices for fuel (to grow) last year?
5. Industrial products (to manufacture) in the area? – No, it is an agricultural area. Only some agricultural products (to process) here at small factories.
6. The plant (not/ to employ) new workers this year.
7. All data (to consider) before a decision (to make).
8. High living standards (to achieve) in West European countries after World War II.
9. Unemployment (to be) very high in the 1930s in the USA.
10. The market of services (to develop) very fast in Russia in the 19902.
11. There (to be) forces in the parliament that opposed the decision which (to make) by the government.
VIII. Change the sentences using the passive voice.
1. Banks provide new services for consumers.
2. Economists use models in order to study actual relations in an economy.
3. The economists predicted the growth of unemployment.
4. We consider individuals as suppliers of labour and capital.
5. The government achieved high employment.
6. The economist chose correct methods and models for his analysis.
7. They employ many workers in the service sector.
8. They developed mining industry in the 19th century in Great Britain, but in the 20th century they closed down many mines.
9. He wrote the book in 1968.
10. They followed these principles in the analysis of the economic situation.
IX. Use the verbs in brackets either in negative or in positive.
1. The term “macroeconomics” (to use) in the 19th century.
2. The British economist J.M. Keynes (to develop) microeconomics. He (to write) a book on macroeconomic problems in 1935.
3. Macroeconomics (to consider) economy in all its relationships.
4. Microeconomics (to analyze) distribution of products and income among consumers and firms.
5. There (to be) an economic depression early in the 1930s. It (to require) the development of economic theory.
6. Development economics (to be) one of the three main approaches to economics.
7. High living standards (to achieve) by means of proper government policies.
8. Foreign firms (to dominate) tobacco industry in Russia in the 1990s.
9. Russia’s economy (to grow) in the 1990s.
10. Prices for fuel and energy (to grow) in this country now.
11. Resources (to use) in order to produce goods and services.
12. Prices for consumer goods (to grow) fast in the Soviet Union.
III COURSE
CONTROL WORK N 4
Exercises
I. Make comparatives and superlatives of the following adjectives.
Example: light – lighter – the lightest; developed – more developed - the most developed.
Few, high, low, fast, easy, cheap, necessary, proper, big, important, essential, serious, old, expensive, small, early.
II. Make comparatives and superlatives of the adjectives in the following sentences
1. The central regions of the country are (industrialized) than other parts.
2. Living conditions in some Latin American countries are (bad) than in developing Asian countries.
3. It was (easy) to make a decision than economists thought.
4. This is (important) stage in the processing of the product.
5. Nowadays mining plants use (modern) machines than 10 years ago.
6. Bananas require (hot) climate for growth than potatoes.
7. Consumers were interested in (cheap) goods of (high) quality.
8. Sometimes the work of a farmer is (difficult) than that of an industrial worker.
9. Food, clothes and a house are (necessary) things for man’s life.
10. Angola is known as a (little) developed country.
III. Fill in the gaps with “already”, “just”, “lately”, “never”, “recently”, “yet”
1. The role of the service sector has increased … .
2. Most manufacturing industries have … used intensive technologies for processing resources.
3. Economists have not given a full definition of economics … .
4. Economists have … developed three main approaches to economics.
5. – Have you got enough actual data to make a model…?
- Yes, I have … finished it.
6. Economics has … used models successfully to analyze some difficult economic problems.
7. Economists have … included services that are provided by doctors and teachers in the primary sector.
8. – Has the economist made a proper decision …?
9. – No, he hasn’t made it … .
10. Microeconomics has … studied the problems of the whole country’s economy.
IV. Translate into English the given collocations (словосочетания) and finish the sentence with them
My friend has worked on the problem of consumers’ behaviour in the market…
1. с 2001 г.; 2. в течение двух лет; 3. с тех пор как он закончил институт; 4. долгое время; 5. в течение недели; 6. с лета; 7. с прошлого месяца; 8. с тех пор как он стал менеджером компании; 9 в течение всего рабочего дня.
V. Answer the questions to the text
1. What problems does development economics study?
2. How are Third World countries named?
3. What countries are known as “developed countries”?
4. When was the fastest growth of Third World countries?
5. Are developing countries independent politically or economically?
6. What countries belong to “newly industrialized countries”?
7. Are all developing countries uniform in their development?
8. What are the common characteristics of all developing countries?
VI. Finish the sentences using “since” and “for”
1. India has been an independent country since/for… .
1945; the end of World War II; the last 5 decades; more than 50 years.
2. Our company has sold 50 types of new goods since/for… .
1993; last year; 6 months; 24 weeks; the beginning of the year 2001; the new
machines were bought; 2 years.
VII. Use the verbs in brackets either in the past simple tense or the present perfect tense - active or passive.
1. – You ever (to be) to China?
2. – Yes, we (to visit) it last month.
3. I (not to finish) my report about exports of foodstuffs to developed countries yet, but I (to find) already the necessary data in the Internet.
4. In the 1960s, Mexico (to make) great progress in the development of its light manufacturing industry.
5. We (to see) just a documentary film on TV about Brazil which (to make) by the BBC a year ago.
6. Some African countries (not to solve) the problem of education for all population yet, but they (to reach) a success in some industries recently.
7. The world population (to increase) in recent years because African and Asian population (to grow) very fast.
III COURSE
CONTROL WORK N 5
Exercises
I. Complete the sentences using “some” or “any”:
1. There are … applied fields of economics in which specialists are interested.
2. Does this developing country require … help to build new plants?
3. It is important for … enterprise to have … markets for its goods.
4. For the last 5 years the plant hasn’t bought … new equipment.
5. As the firm doesn’t spend … money on new technologies it isn’t a successful competitor in the market.
6. Do we have … fuel to drive to the nearest petrol station?
7. People require … time to find new sources of energy.
8. Is there … rise in the consumption of this new good?
9. This good doesn’t have … characteristics which distinguish it from other goods in the market.
II. From the given words make collocations with the participle II and translate them into Russian.
Example: to develop – market = a developed market = развитый рынок
1. to use – labour; 2. to predict – situation; 3. to study – data; 4. to reach – progress; 5. to sell – foodstuffs; 6. to increase – population.
III. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык с причастным оборотом.
1. service provided by the company; 2. model made by economists; 3. relationships studied by them; 4. trade developed by these two countries; 5. crops grown in the area; 6. income distributed among many people.
IV. Use the verbs in brackets in present perfect passive.
Example: The degree of concentration (to increase) in this country recently.
The degree of concentration has been increased in this country recently.
1. Prices of electricity (to raise) already twice this year.
2. New wind and water energy sources (to develop).
3. Applied fields of economics (to teach) to students of different universities.
4. A high living standard (not to reach) in most developing countries yet.
5. How the degree of competition (to influence) by the increase in the number of firms in the industry?
6. No changes (to make) to distinguish the new product from identical products.
7. How much money (to give) by the World Bank to the developing countries?
8. Good education (to provide) for most part of population.
V. Answer the questions to the text.
1. What topics do applied fields in economics deal with?
2. What does industrial economics study?
3. What influences profits and losses in any industry?
4. Why is economics of energy closely connected with industrial economics?
5. What were the main sources of energy in the past?
6. Why were adjustments made in most industries in the 1970s?
7. How are the prices for oil regulated now
VI. Put “some” or “any” in the Gaps.
1. Are there … big enterprises in this region?
2. The company didn’t make … profit last year.
3. There are … companies that compete in the world market.
4. … energy resources such as coal and wood have already been fully used in … developed countries.
5. The government hasn’t made … adjustments to cope with the financial crisis yet.
6. … new equipment requires workers who know how to work with it.
7. OPEC hasn’t made … decisions on oil prices this month yet.
8. Have economists made … optimistic predictions about the economic development?
9. This production process requires … water.
10. There … new models of cars that use the energy of the sun and fuel.
11. We have … fuel to reach the nearest petrol station.
12. Is there … land to build a new factory in this area?
VII. Change the sentences using active verbs.
Example: Industrial organization and public policy are studied by industrial economics = Industrial economics studies industrial organization and public policy.
1. The degree of concentration has already been analyzed by industrial economics.
2. The behaviour of firms in the industry is influenced by the structure of the industry.
3. Both profits and losses in any industry are affected by the behaviour of companies.
4. A lot of energy has been used by modern economy in recent decades.
5. The consumption of various sources of energy has been increased both by firms and by families.
6. In the past, wood and coal were used as the main sources of energy by man.
7. Serious adjustments have been made by industrial economies to cope with energy scarcity.
8. In recent decades the problems of energy economics have been discussed by governments in may countries.
9. Regular meetings are held by the OPEC a well-known international organization.
10. Decisions on strategy for countries that export oil are taken by the OPEC.
11. Oil is processed into fuel by the company.
12. New methods of oil processing have been introduced by the firm.
VIII. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form – past simple, present simple or present perfect, in active or passive.
Example: The European Union (to form) in 1958 = The European Union was formed in 1958.
1. A new policy of advertising goods (to introduce) by the firm recently.
2. Not much money (to require) for the company to start business a month ago.
3. The OPEC (to include) many oil producers, however, it (not/to supply) all the world’s oil.
4. The market for computers (to increase) since the prices for old models (to fall).
5. The government (not to cope) with the problem of high unemployment yet.
6. Russia (to know) as an important oil producer in the world market.
7. The USA and Canada (to become) the members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 1960.
8. What (to cause) energy scarcity in recent years?
9. Global energy crisis (not to take) place for the last 5 years.
10. The number of workers engaged in the service sector in the USA (to grow) in recent decades.
11. What industrial economics (to deal) with?
12. Consumption of foodstuffs (not to rise) lately.
III COURSE
CONTROL WORK N 6
Exercises
1. Make present participles out of the given verbs Example: to read – reading.
To write, to raise, to use, to grow, to produce, to provide, to process, to manufacture, to belong, to include, to follow, to affect, to influence, to buy, to sell, to predict.
II.Translate into Russian the following collocations. Example: processing industries – обрабатывающая промышленность
Growing demand, developing relationships, increasing productivity, growing scarcity, working plants, changing buyers’ behaviour.
III. Translate into Russian the following collocations using причастный оборот. Example: consumer choosing the cheapest goods – покупатель, выбирающий самые дешевые товары.
economies coping with resources scarcity, economists predicting new tendencies, industries belonging to the primary sector, companies having high profits, data showing differences between regions, economists dealing with labour
markets.
IV. Put the verbs in brackets into present continuous Example: The factory (to employ) new workers now = The factory is employing new workers now.
1. They (to study) the economic situation in the area.
2. I (not /to learn) French, I (to learn) English.
3. They haven’t sold the products, they (to sell) them now.
4. The 2 companies (to compete) in the market.
5. We (to apply) new technology.
6. You (to work) at the report on a macroeconomic problem?
7. The consumption of fruit and vegetables (to increase) in our country.
8. Unemployment (to grow) at the moment?
V. Put the verbs in brackets into present continuous passive. Example: The new equipment has been bought and (to transport) to the factory = The new equipment has been bought and is being transported to the factory.
1. profit and losses of the firm (to analyze) by the manager at the moment.
2. The distribution of incomes (to change) in the country?
3. Has the decision been made or the problem still (to discuss)?
4. Market mechanism (to study) by the economist.
5. A new government (to form) at the moment.
6. The oil (not/to process), it (to transport) now.
7. Fruit (to process) into juice.
8. Market forces (to use) by the government to stimulate agricultural production.
9. Essential conditions for successful work of the company on the market (to study) by the manager.
VI. Answer the questions to the text.
1. Why is Agricultural economics developing rapidly?
2. What is necessary to know to understand Agricultural economics?
3. What s the main characteristic of agriculture?
4. Why do farms of the same type in different regions use different livestock breeds, crop varieties and machinery?
5. What are the main reasons for rising efficiency in agriculture in the developed countries?
6. What are the factors limiting further rise of productivity in agriculture?
7. Why do farm incomes vary from year to year?
VII. Use either participle I or participle II. Example: prices (affecting/affected) by market forces = prices affected by market forces.
farms (rising/raised) wheat and other crops; livestock (raising/raised) in southern regions; enterprises (working/worked) successfully; recently (buying/bought)
machinery; supply of agricultural products (depending/depended) on weather conditions; a book (dealing/dealt) with problems of education economics;
consumption (growing/grown) every year; differences in buyers’ behaviour (considering/considered) by the economist.
VIII.Change the following sentences into the passive voice. Example: They are rising labour efficiency by means of new machinery = Labour efficiency is raised by means of new machinery.
1. They have raised labour efficiency by means of new machinery.
2. The government policy is changing economic conditions in the region.
3. The economists are studying the distribution of labour force in the country.
4. They have bought new equipment.
5. Demand and supply influences prices of goods.
6. Japan produces a variety of electronic equipment.
7. They are developing a new technology to use less oil.
8. They are analyzing natural conditions of the region.
9. The company has increased prices of its goods.
10. Under conditions of competition companies are introducing new better products.
IX. Put “some” or “the same”
1. … regions lead in manufacturing, … lead in agriculture.
2. Conditions in southern regions are not … as in northern regions.
3. The reasons for energy scarcity are not … as in northern regions.
4. In … countries living standards have risen in the last decade, in … countries they are … as they were ten years ago, in … countries they have become worse.
5. This farm rises … breeds of livestock as most farms of the region.
6. … livestock breeds are more rapidly growing than others.
Здесь множество заданий. Контрольные будут полезны всем, кто изучает английский.
