Контрольная по английскому Demand, supply
I. Прочтите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык
Demand, supply and market equilibrium
Price in a market is determined by supply and demand forces.
The needs of producers and consumers are best met at a point called the market equilibrium. Market equilibrium occurs when the supply and demand for a product are equal and the prices charged for the product are relatively stable. The market equilibrium is established by combining the supply and demand curves for a product on the same graph. The point at which these two curves intersect is called the equilibrium point.
The demand for a product is the amount of a good that people are willing to buy over a given time period at a particular price. For most goods and services the amount that consumers wish to buy will increase as price falls.
The demand for a product is not only influenced by price. An individual may be influenced by factors such as personal tastes, the size of income, advertising and the cost and availability of credit. The total market demand will be affected by the size and age distribution of the population and government policy.
Sooner or later, every organization faces falling demand for one of its products. The marketer must find the causes of market decline and restimulate demand by finding new markets, changing product features, or creating more effective communications.
The supply of a product is not only influenced by price. Supply will be affected by anything that helps or hinders production or alters the costs of production.
Changes in the market equilibrium can also come about as a result of a decrease in demand, an increase in supply or a decrease in supply.
Changes in the costs of production can affect the supply of goods. Producers must pay the cost of production, which may change over time.
II. Письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по содержанию текста.
1. What is market equilibrium?
The needs of producers and consumers are best met at a point called the market equilibrium. Market equilibrium occurs when the supply and demand for a product are equal and the prices charged for the product are relatively stable. The market equilibrium is established by combining the supply and demand curves for a product on the same graph. The point at which these two curves intersect is called the equilibrium point.
2. What factors determine demand?
The demand for a product is not only influenced by price. An individual may be influenced by factors such as personal tastes, the size of income, advertising and the cost and availability of credit. The total market demand will be affected by the size and age distribution of the population and government policy.
3. What measures should be taken in the case of falling demand?
The marketer must find the causes of market decline and restimulate demand by finding new markets, changing product features, or creating more effective communications.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Most businesses must prepare regularly two types of records: income statement and balance sheet.
2. Our company had to invest money in new equipment and research.
3. This corporation can offer higher salaries and thus attract talented specialists.
4. We shall be able to get some profit this year and invest it in production.
5. To get some profit, you will have to develop production and management.
IV. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разное значение глаголов "to be" и "to have".
1. Setting up your business you must have good knowledge of market economy.
2. Their company had a great number of branches in many countries of the world.
3. Income statement and balance sheet are two types of records regularly prepared by most businesses.
4. A good manager is to study different aspects of his activities.
5. We shall have to invest money in our production to get profit.
V. Перепишите и переведите письменно следующие предложения, обращая внимание на согласование времен.
1. I thought that they would make the right decision.
2. He knew that we had consulted an experienced lawyer.
3. She said that our country imported a great number of consumer goods.
4. We did not know that she was preparing income statement and balance sheet.
VI. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод предложений в сослагательном наклонении.
1. If you were at our meeting you would know all necessary information.
2. I wish you were more attentive to your partners.
3. It would be much better, if we set up a limited liability company.
VII. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните Participle I и Participle II. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. This decision made by the board of directors helps to improve activities of the corporation.
2. These high quality goods imported from USA are in steady demand. 3. Some data illustrating the performance of our company sound convincing.
VIII. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод инфинитива и герундия. Подчеркните неличные формы глагола.
1. If you want to start your business you need a lawyer.
2. We are against making a proposal.
3. Our manager hates being interrupted.
Контрольная предназначена для будущих экономистов. В контрольную входит восемь заданий. Чтобы выполнить задания в контрольной работе, необходимо повторить некоторые грамматические темы.
Данная контрольная призвана оценить уровень владения языком студентов экономистов.
