Контрольная по английскому Ownership and Control
Задание 1.
1. а. Укажите номера предложений с временами группы Indefinite и переведите их на русский язык.
b. Укажите номера предложений с временами группы Continuous и переведите их на русский язык.
с. Укажите номера предложений с временами группы Perfect и переведите их на русский язык .
1. Tom's university education gave him an advantage over boys who hadn't been to University.
2. Education is becoming a matter of general interest and people write to newspapers to express their views on the problem.
3. When I first met him in Moscow at the conference of young psychologists, he was making a brilliant report in English.
4. I have all sorts of meetings with people I don't know very well or like very much.
5. The manager spent all his time in offices and he never looked at the weather, or sky, or people passing by.
6. In some countries, people have a three-week holiday each year, in other countries it is, four weeks and teachers often have twelve weeks!
7. She came home at noon, and then made lunch, vacuumed the floors and cleaned the windows.
9. In many ways, the move from reading and writing has already started.
Задание 2.
Перевести на русский язык:
1. Several possible solutions will be chosen by the scientists of our department.
2. In the year 2100 people's eating habits will be very different. Food and vitamins will be taken in the form of capsules tablets and pills.
3. There was one photograph of the three of them when they had been awarded for their best results at school.
5. Before she had time to think what to do next she was stopped by a lady in black.
6. I am always asked about my friends.
Задание 3
1. Прочитайте и переведите весь текст.
2. Сформулируйте вопросы, ответами на которые являются подчеркнутые слова и словосочетания из абзаца 1 и 4.
Ownership and Control
1. A more significant reason to question the assumption of profit maximization is that large firms are not run by their owners. A large company is run by a salaried board of directors and by the managers this board appoints. Although at the annual meeting the shareholders have the opportunity to dismiss the board, in practice this happens rarely. The directors are the experts with the information; it is hard for the shareholders, even in bad times, to be sure that different directors would raise the profitability of the company.
2. Economists call this a separation of ownership and control. Although the shareholders clearly want the maximum possible profit, the directors who actually make the decisions have the opportunity to pursue different objectives. Do the managers and directors have an incentive to act other than in the interests of the shareholders?
3. Managers' salaries are usually higher the larger is the firm. Some economists have argued that this leads managers to aim for size and growth rather than the maximum possible profit. For example, such managers might spend large sums on advertising even though this secured only a relatively small addition to total sales.
4. Nevertheless, there are two reasons why the assumption of profit maximization is a good place from which to begin. Even if the shareholders cannot recognize that profits are lower than they might be, other firms with experience in the industry may catch on faster. If profits are low, share prices will be low. By mounting a take-over, another company can buy the shares cheaply, sack the existing managers, restore profit-maximizing policies, and make a handsome capital gain as the share prices then rise once the stock market perceives the improvement in profits.
5. Alternatively, being aware of the opportunity for managerial discretion, shareholders may try to ensure that the interests of the managers and the shareholders coincide. By giving senior managers a quantity of shares that is small relative to the total number of shares but large relative to managerial salaries, shareholders can try to ensure that senior managers care about profits as much as other shareholders do.
6. For these reasons, the assumption that firms try to maximize profits is more robust than might first be imagined. We now use this assumption to develop the theory of supply.
Задание 4.
I. Откройте скобки, употребив глагол в правильной временной форме.
1. The boy (to refuse) to admit that he (to break) the window. So he (to send) home to bring his parents to school.
2. Look, it (to get) late. I (to miss) the ten o'clock train if I (not to hurry) Jack said he (to come) to pick me up. I don't know why he (not to appear) yet. Perhaps he (to get) into the traffic jam.
3. Yesterday Tom and Janice (to go) to the zoo. They had an adventure there. While they (to walk) by the giraffe, it (to begin) to chew Janice's hat.
II. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. _ forecast promises such a good weather, but I don't believe it.
2. _ typist is _ person who types_ letters and reports.
3. Luckily _ advertisements were ready in _ time for _ exhibition.
4. I would like _ grapes for _ dessert.
III. Вставьте, правильный предлог или послелог, где необходимо.
1. Most people don't go _ holiday _ Christmastime.
2. Don't shout _ children, otherwise they'll get used _ it and will pay no attention _ your words.
3. It's _ to you to decide whether you'll join _ us or not.
IV. Составьте предложения, расположив слова в нужном порядке.
1. mistakes/Pat/number/has/fewest/the/pupils/all/of/made/the/of.
2. most/in/quality/honesty/is/the/admire/of/1/people/all.
3. when/known/you/since/have/Mr. Blake?
V. Закончите диалог вопросами, подходящими по смыслу.
Sue is back from the shops and she is talking to her husband Joe.
J:
S: I had to take a taxi because the bags were very heavy.
J:
S: Yes, I did. I got nearly everything I needed.
J:
S: Well, I went to the butcher's and to the bakery and to the grocer's.
J:
S: I don't remember how many rolls I have bought. Several, anyway.
J:
S: I didn't buy any steak because the butcher didn't have it at that early
hour.
Контрольная работа по английскому языку включает восемь заданий. В контрольную входит задания на работу с английским текстом, грамматические задания.
Контрольная по английскому языку будет интересна тем, кто изучает экономические дисциплины в вузах.
