Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply
1. Назовите номера предложений, где употребляется конструкция «сложное подлежащее». Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1) High unemployment rate in Europe is assumed to result from high unemployment benefits.
2) The private sector is normally considered to use resources more productively than the government.
3) Social security payments and unemployment benefits are known as transfer payments.
4) Few market economies are likely to provide jobs for all those wanting to work.
5) More people have been found to choose to stay unemployed in countries with very high tax rates.
2. Укажите, каким является сказуемое в следующих предложениях (простым, составным именным или составным глагольным) и чем оно выражено:
1) Economics is a science that analyzes what, how, and for whom society produces.
2) Resources are allocated entirely through markets.
3) The folder with the report is on the desk.
4) This whole thing doesn't look good.
5) He should have taken the time to read the report.
6) The agent began driving south.
3. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Укажите вид придаточного предложения, выделенного курсивом.
1) His farsighted edicts required that all drinking water be boiled as a hygienic precaution.
2) One summer day while visiting a distant region of his realm, he and the court stopped to rest.
3) She liked classrooms, the sense that she was among people who were not merely interested in money.
4) Tea was the major beverage served in the coffee houses, but they were so named because coffee arrived in England some years before tea.
5) The plan that he had submitted to Calderwood was a complicated one.
4. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Укажите тип условного предложения (I, II, III).
1) If he wasn't a friend of mine, I would drive him into the deck.
2) If we don't start conserving these things now, it will be too late.
3) If we spent money on research now, we could develop stations which create their own fuel and burn their own waste.
4) We would have spent more time in San Francisco and less time in Los Angeles if we'd known more about the cities.
5) If I had been a patriot I would have had it melted down for cannon.
5. Выберите подходящее по смыслу слово из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов. Переведите предложения на русский язык:
1) An increase in food prices greatly (affects / allows) consumer real income because food is a large part of consumer (expenditure / budget).
2) We (prefer / assume) that the consumer always decides that one good is better than, worse than, or as good as another.
3) One knows firms to carry on (business / purchase) for the purpose of making profit.
4) In a dynamic political society old statistic systems have to be (replaced / determined) by new ones.
5) If a person can do what he wishes with his own (property / output), time and energy, then economists say that he is economically free.
6. Прочитайте текст и письменно переведите подчеркнутые предложения.
Price Elasticity of Demand and Supply
There is a relationship between demand and price. How much demand for a commodity is affected by a change in price is called elasticity of demand. If a small change of price results in a large change in demand, the demand is called elastic, if the demand changes only a little, it is called inelastic. The price elasticity of demand coefficient is negative as demand usually falls with a rise in price.
The price elasticity of supply shows the percentage change in the quantity supplied resulting from a one-percent change in price.
As an increase in the quantity supplied is normally a result of a rise in price, the coefficient is usually positive. We have a "0" (zero) elasticity when a price change results in no quantity supplied change. This is called a perfectly inelastic supply. Provided the elasticities vary between zero and one, the supply is called inelastic. With coefficients greater than one, the supply is called elastic. The percentage change in quantity is larger than the corresponding percentage change in price.
Agricultural supply is mostly inelastic because of the high proportion of such inputs as land, buildings, and machinery. The elasticities of agricultural commodities (potatoes, wheat, fruits, eggs, milk) vary greatly. Because of increasing specialization of production, of farm animal products, in particular, elasticities for such commodities as pigs or broilers have decreased in recent years.
В контрольную работу входит задание на перевод предложений с инфинитивными конструкциями.
