Sun-driven engine 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. When much had been done in the study of ecology by our university it became an important scientific centre.
2. A curriculum of the new type of secondary school is offered by the Ministry of Education.
3. The research of planets will be developed with the help of cosmic apparatus.
4. This material is unaffected by solar radiation.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. It is necessary to find new sources of cheap energy.
3. It was Einstein who came to the conclusion that the electromagnetic field is influenced by the gravitational field.
3. This metro station was opened last year, and that one will be put into operation in two years.
III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения глаголов to be, to have, to do.
1. Man had to learn to obtain electric power directly from the Sun.
2. At present most of the industrial enterprises have their own electric power stations.
3. Specialists do not use solar cells in industry as they are too expensive.
4. The engineers are to study the problem of using cosmic rays.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.
1. The methods we have just described are very effective.
2. The instruments our plant produces help to automate production processes.
V. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.
1. The teacher told her students to learn the poem by heart.
2. The Soviet Union was the first country to send man into space.
3. To translate a sentence is to discover its meaning.
4. A lot of people all over the world are uniting to fight wars.
VI. Прочтите и устно переведите весь текст, а письменно 2-й и 3-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
1. magneto-heat engine - магнитно-тепловой двигатель
2. inexhaustible - неисчерпаемый, неистощимый
Sun-driven engine
1. It is of common knowledge that certain metals and their alloys are attracted by a magnet. After heating, this property vanishes; it is restored after cooling down. A new magneto-heat engine works on this principle. This invention relates to devices which transform thermal power, for instance, the power of the sun rays, into a mechanical power of rotation.
2. We know solar power is inexhaustible and its use does not harm the environment. That's why such importance is attached to the devices which make it possible to apply the idea of direct use of solar power, transforming it into mechanical forms of power. The development of an engine directly driven by a heat source such as solar power, makes it possible to simplify and make power generation considerably cheaper, in comparison to the existing thermal engines we use today.
3. The rotor of the new engine is made of an alloy that loses its magnetic properties already at 100°C. If the rotor is heated on one side, the cold side of the rotor will turn toward the magnet. Since heating continues, the rotor goes on rotating, too. Thus solar power can be used as a source of heat in this case. The magneto-heat engine can drive pumps in waterless districts, can also be widely used for watering greenery in cities and settlements.
4. By using thermomagnetic alloys it is possible to develop a lot of automatic devices, for example, solar clocks, thermometers, etc. Mention should be made that these devices can withstand extreme temperatures. To organize the production of the necessary alloys is simple as there is no need for rare materials or complex technology.
Контрольная работа имеет начальный уровень сложности.
