he Factors of Production
I. Match the words with the definitions.
1) packaging a) the most important place of work of a company
2) competitor b) the box or bag that you sell a product
3) marketing c) a date or time when you must finish something
4) promotion d) finding the best way to make customers buy products
5) salary e) a design that is the official sign of a company, used
on products or in advertising
6) logo f) a better job in the same company
7) deadline g) money that you get for working
8) headquarters h) a company that sells products or services in the
same market as your company1
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II. Complete each sentence with a word from the box.
invoice population supplier research
profit pension advice budget1. Do you think that the population will increase in the next ten years?
2. We didn't sell many products. So it's unlikely that we will make a profit this year.
3. The invoice has the correct goods but the wrong prices.
4. The department has a budget of $35,000 for corporate events this year.
5. Our scientists do a lot of research for our new products.
6. This company gives its employees a good pension when they retire.
7. We buy office equipment from a supplier in Scotland.
8. Fiona had a problem with her manager, but the HR department gave her
some good advice and everything is OK now.III. These are confused pairs of words. Choose the correct alternative for each sentence.
1. PRODUCTION / PRODUCTIVITY
a) We will increase pay if the employees raise their productivity.
b) If we don't get another order soon, we'll have to cut production and maybe
close a factory.
2. PERSONNEL / PERSONAL
a) She resigned from her job for personal reasons.
b) Smith’s company has a personnel problem: their employees want a 20% pay
increase.
3. CUSTOMERS / CLIENTSa) Supermarkets use a variety of tactics to attract and retain customers.
b) She advises clients on their investments.
4. ECONOMY / ECONOMICS
a) The government has promised to boost the flagging economy.
b) Supply and demand is perhaps one of the most fundamental concepts of economics.
IV. a) КОПР №3,4.
b) Choose the correct option a-c to complete the sentences.1. I.......emails all day. I'm exhausted.
a) have written b) have been writing c) am writing2. The company is huge. It.........a thousand new jobs since the beginning of last year.
a) created b) is creating c) has created3. She....... at that company for 3 years when it went out of business.
a) has been working b) had been working c) was working4. I......... to call you all day. Why didn't you answer the phone?
a) have been trying b) am trying c) was trying5. They felt bad about selling the house because they....... it for more than forty years.
a) have owned b) had owned c) owned6. We ....... this product since the beginning of the year.
a) have been producing b) produce c) are producing7. I ........ twenty emails so far today.
a) wrote b) have written c) had written8. By the end of the month I .........this project.
a) will finish b) will have finished c) finish
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V. Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
1. Sales representatives from all the regions attended the meeting.
The meeting ....... by sales representatives from all the regions.
a) is attended b) was attended2. The management will discuss the problem next week.
The problem......... by the management next week.
a) will discuss b) will be discussed
3. My assistant sent you the invoice last Monday.
The invoice ....... to you by my assistant last Monday.
a) was sent b) is sent4. You can find the order form on the last page of the catalogue.
The order form ....... on the last page of the catalogue.
a) could be found b) can be found5. The employees are improving the situation.
The situation .........by the employees.
a) is improving b) is being improved1
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VI. a) КОПР № 1
b) Complete each sentence with a verb in the correct form, - ing or to...1. They guarantee........ the work before 5 o'clock.
a) finishing b) to finish2. I have lost my job so I 'll have to get used ....... much less.
a) to spending b) to spend3. Julia is interested in........ her own business.
a) starting b) to start4. Could you continue ......on the report while I make some phone calls?
a) to work b) working5. He managed ........the job on time.
a) finishing b) to finish6. I like..........colleagues if they come to me with a problem.
a) helping b) to help
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VII. Translate the sentences from English into Russian.
1. An exchange rate is the price of a currency. Like any price it is decided by
supply and demand in the market.
2. The rate of exchange is the equilibrium between demand for the currency
and its supply.
3. A change in the exchange rate of the currency always has an impact on the
country economy. For example, if the rate of exchange rises, the country's goods
get more expensive and demand for them abroad falls. As a result the country's
exports may decrease.
VIII.
A. Read this text.
The Factors of Production
1. The factors of production are resources that are the building blocks of the
economy; they are what people use to produce goods and services. Economists
divide the factors of production into four categories: land, labor, capital, and
entrepreneurship.
2. The first factor of production is land, but this includes any natural resource used
to produce goods and services. This includes not just land, but anything that comes
from the land. The second factor of production is labor. Labor is the effort that
people contribute to the production of goods and services. If you have ever been paid
for a job, you have contributed labor resources to the production of goods or
services. The income earned by labor resources is called wages.
3. The third factor of production is capital. Think of capital as the machinery, tools
and buildings humans use to produce goods and services. Some common examples
of capital include hammers, forklifts, conveyer belts, computers, and delivery vans.
Capital differs based on the worker and the type of work being done.
4. The fourth factor of production is entrepreneurship. An entrepreneur is a person
who combines the other factors of production - land, labor, and capital - to earn a
profit. The most successful entrepreneurs are innovators who find new ways produce
goods and services or who develop new goods and services to bring to market.
Without the entrepreneur combining land, labor, and capital in new ways, many of the
innovations we see around us would not exist. Think of the entrepreneurship of
Henry Ford or Bill Gates. Entrepreneurs are a vital engine of economic growth.
Entrepreneurs thrive in economies where they have the freedom to start businesses
and buy resources freely. The payment to entrepreneurship is profit.B. Mark the sentences a) T ( True )
b) F ( False)
c) NG ( Not Given )1. Economists divide the factors of production into land, labor and capital.
2. Entrepreneurs have the freedom to start businesses and buy resources freely.
3. Division of labor make the production process more efficient.
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Контрольная работа включает задания на знание лексики и грамматики английского языка.
