THE GREAT DEPRESSION
Задание 1. Прочтите текст и переведите третий абзац письменно.
THE GREAT DEPRESSION
(1) The worst and longest economic crisis in the twentieth century, the Great Depression in the United States, had devastating consequences for American society. At its lowest depth (1932–33), more than 16 million people were unemployed, more than 5,000 banks closed, and over 85,000 businesses failed. Millions of Americans lost their jobs, their savings, and even their homes. The homeless built shacks for temporary shelter - these emerging shantytowns were nicknamed “Hoovervilles,” a bitter homage to President Herbert Hoover, who refused to give government assistance to the jobless. Farmerswere hit especially hard. A severe drought and the economic crisis ruined small farms throughout the Great Plains as productive farmland turned to dust and crop prices dropped by 50%. Severe unemployment rates and a sharp drop in the production and sales of goods as the effects of the American depression could also be felt abroad,where many European nations were still trying to recover from World War I.
(2) Though the stock market crash happened in 1929 marked the onset of the depression, it was not thecause of it: deep underlying fissures already existed in the economy of America’s Roaring Twenties. For instance,the tariff and war-debt policies after World War I contributed to the instability of the banking system. American banks made loans to European countries following World War I. However, the United States kept high tariffs on goods imported from other nations. These policies worked against one another: if other countries could not sell goods in the United States, they could not make enough money to pay back their loans or to buy American goods.
(3) While the United States seemed to be enjoying a prosperous period in the 1920s, the wealth was not evenly distributed. Businesses made gains in productivity, but only one segment of the population - the wealthy - got large profits. Workers received only a small share of the wealth they helped produce. At the same time, Americans spent more than they earned. Advertising encouraged Americans to buy cars, radios, and household appliances instead of saving or purchasing only what they could afford. Easy credit polices allowed consumers toborrow money and accumulate debt. Investors also wildly speculated on the stock market, often borrowing money on credit to buy shares of a company. Stocks increased beyond their worth, but investors were willing to pay inflated prices because they believed stocks would continue to rise. The situation changed tremendously in the fall of 1929, when investors lostconfidence that stock prices would keep rising. As investors sold off stocks, the market went down. The stock market crash affected the economy excessively.
Задание 2. Ответьте на вопросы по содержанию текста.
1. The passage is best described as
a. an account of the causes and effects of a major event.
b. a statement supporting the value of federal social policies.
c. a condemnation of outdated beliefs.
d. a polite response to a controversial issue.
e. a comparison of economic conditions in the 1930s and that of today.
2. The author cites the emergence of “Hoovervilles” as an example of
a. federally sponsored housing programs.
b. the resilience of Americans who lost their jobs, savings, and homes.
c. the government’s unwillingness to assist citizens in desperate circumstances.
d. a new paradigm of “safety net” social programs introduced by the government.
e. the effectiveness of the Hoover administration in dealing with the crisis.
3. The term policies most nearly means
a. theories.
b. practices.
c. laws.
d. examples.
e. problems.
Задание 3. Найдите слова в тексте, которые:
1. начинается на букву “h” и означает respect, esteem (параграф 1);
2. начинается на букву “s” и означаетstrict (параграф 1);
3. начинается на букву “o” и означаетbeginning, start (параграф 2);
4. начинается на букву “a” и означает machine, device (параграф );
5. начинается на букву “w” и означает rich (параграф 3).
Задание 4. Подберите антонимы к следующим словам из текста.
1. sharp
2. instability
3. allow
4. borrow
5. rise
Задание 5. Выпишите из текста все неправильные глаголы в трех формах и переведите.
Задание 6. Измените следующие предложения, используя конструкцию there + be.
1. American banks made loans to European countries following World War I.
2. Businesses made gains in productivity, but only one segment of the population - the wealthy - got large profits.
Задание 7. Подчеркните сказуемое в следующих предложениях, укажите видовременную форму, залог.
1. At its lowest depth (1932–33), more than 16 million people were unemployed, more than 5,000 banks closed, and over 85,000 businesses failed.
2. While the United States seemed to be enjoying a prosperous period in the 1920s, the wealth was not evenly distributed.
3. These policies worked against one another: if other countries could not sellgoods in the United States, they could not make enough money to pay back their loans or to buy American goods.
Задание 8. Преобразуйте предложения в пассивную форму и переведите.
1. The situation changed tremendously in the fall of 1929, when investors lostconfidence that stock prices would keep rising.
2. The stock market crash happened in 1929 marked the onset of the depression.
Задание 9. Cоставьте 5 вопросов различного типа к любым предложениям из текста.
Задание 10. Изложите краткое содержание текста в 100 словах (артикли и предлоги считаются отдельными словами).
TEST 7
Задание 1. Выберите правильный вариант ответа.
1. Please go to the ______-in desk.
A check B door C office
2. I ______ a lot more money in my new job.
A had B win C earn
3. Your ______ are cold! You should wear gloves.
A arms B legs C hands
4. I had to pay a €50 parking _____!
A fine B fee C find
5. I never use public _____. I always go by car.
A bus B transport C transports
6. He’s got short ______ hair.
A curly B curl C bald
7. She won’t be very happy if she ______ her driving test again.
A misses B passes C fails
8. I couldn’t find a taxi so I _____ to walk.
A had B must C should
9. I’m sorry I’m late. I ______ the bus.
A missed B left C lost
10. We had sausages and _____ for dinner last night.
A beans B shrimps C duck
11. Athletes run on a _____ .
A track B slope C court
12. He didn’t answer the phone so I _____.
A hung in B hung out C hung up
13. I hate not _____ able to say what I want in English.
A being B to be C be
14. That’s the girl _____ cell phone was stolen.
A who B which C whose
15. Please _____ a message after the beep.
A give B say C leave
16. We’re not allowed _____ in the office.
A eating B eat C to eat
17. I have a problem. What _____ do?
A should I to B I should C should I
18. You _____ pay to go in museums in Britain. They’re free.
A shouldn’t B don’t have to C mustn’t
19. If I hadn’t missed that train, we _____ never have met!
A will B should C would
20. Could you tell me where the bank _____, please?
A was B is C be
21. I would have gone to the party if I _____ been ill.
A hadn’t B had C haven’t
22. You aren’t interested in politics, _____ you?
A aren’t B are C were
23. Could you ask the waiter _____ the bill?
A after B of C for
24. Our plane took _____ late due to bad weather conditions.
A off B on C up
25. We had a fantastic time, _____?
A don’t we B didn’t we C did we
Задание 2. Соотнесите надписи 1–6, которые обычно можно увидеть в магазинах, с предложениями a–f, их объясняющими.
1. SALE
2. All prices reduced
3. We regret we only give refunds if goods are accompanied by a receipt
4. Refunds are only given if goods are faulty
5. We do not accept payment by credit card for sales under $10.
6. We take cash or cheques only
a All of the goods are cheaper than usual.
b Some or all of the goods are cheaper than usual.
c You can’t ask for your money back unless there’s something wrong with the goods.
d You can only get your money back if you can prove where you bought it.
e You can’t use a credit card for a small purchase.
f You can’t use a credit card at all.
Задание 3. Поставьте слова, данные в скобках, на свое место в предложении.
1. They don't look ill. (certainly)
2. Jacob arrives for work, (late)
3. I don't know the date of the meeting, (still)
4. This dress is big. (too)
5. We don't go out. (much)
6. Have the children had their tea? (already)
7. I like love stories, (quite)
8. The others are getting ready, (just)
9. Have you finished this magazine? (yet)
10. We have to go to work, (on Saturdays)
11. I think everyone works hard, (fairly)
Задание 4. Некоторые предложения являются правильными, а в некоторых есть слово, которого там быть не должно. Если предложение правильное, то поставьте галочку V. Если предложение неправильное, укажите лишнее слово. Первые две строки с номерами 00 и 01 даны в качестве примера.
00 Martin has changed his mind about next weekend.
01 We were enjoyed the holiday very much.
1. Jason and Carrie have planted some new trees last year.
2. Margaret is practising on the piano.
3. I suddenly realized I had been walking in the wrong direction.
4. We are go camping for three weeks every summer.
5. It was lucky that we had been decided to buy our tickets in advance.
6. No one told me that the goods had arrived the week before.
7. We were riding our bikes when suddenly I was felt a pain in my leg.
8. Did you know that Robert has been won a prize?
Контрольная работа имеет средний уровень сложности. Тут также есть тест, который также несложно решить любому студенту.
