THE MODERN FARM TRACTOR
1. Перепишите предложения, вставляя неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные (something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, somewhere, anywhere, nowhere). Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Some windrowers now employ hydrostatic drive for propulsion, and that is used on some farms today.
2. Anybody who wants to sit the exam must pass their names to the dean’s office as late as next Monday.
3. Somebody forgot their umbrella in the cloak-room of the University library two days ago.
4. This machine is very easy to use indeed. Anybody can learn how to use it in a very short time.
5. If there are some words you don’t understand in this text on tractors, use any dictionary you have.
6. I didn’t have any money about me, so I had to borrow some for purchasing some fertilizer for my plants.
2. Перепишите предложения, заполняя пропуски необходимыми предлогами. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. There is something interesting in the properties of this gas in the scientific paper.
2. Newton was highly honored by his countrymen for his considerable contribution to the world science.
3. Carbon is the most important element in all ferrous alloys, which are classed in accordance with it.
4. Mulching machines of this type are of very massive construction for their better functioning.
5. It is recommended by automobile engineers that cars are subjects to extensive road tests.
6. Air is mixed with vapour of petrol in the carburetor and then passes through the combustion chamber.
3. Перепишите предложения, дополняя их подходящими по смыслу местоимениями. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. James Walt was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer, known for his improvement of the steam engine.
2. He retired from his company and thereafter devoted himself entirely to research work.
3. She put out her hand and took her mirror. It was dark and hard to see, but she still used it for her make-up.
4. I enjoyed myself very much at the party, as there were served very tasty toasts with cheese on it.
5. Was the traffic bad today? Oh, yes, it was terrible, especially in Chicago and its outskirts.
6. It is our own fault. We can only blame ourselves for missing the steam boat for Leeds.
4. Перепишите предложения, вставляя соответствующие формы глаголов to have u to be. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. We have a lot of major problems with the quality of our soil cultivation machines.
2. The simplest gear is the spur one, which was especially designed for this mechanism.
3. It was a sunny day when I first saw you in your newly refurnished farm workshop.
4. The gear has a toothed wheel or cylinder, and it is transmitting the torque from one shaft to another.
5. Perhaps, Liz’s senior sister will be in Farm Machinery class in time tomorrow - it is important for her.
6. The new car is more comfortable than the previous one, so I could drive for hours now.
5. Переведите предложения на русский язык (письменно). Поставьте вопросы к выделенным частям этих предложений.
1. At present much attention is paid to the quality of agriculture, and especially to soil fertility.
2. The operating process in a tractor depends mainly on its type and the make of the power plant.
3. Education after sixteen is voluntary in Britain, and anyone can make his choice freely.
4. Stephenson’s early locomotives were used to carry loads in coal mines as they don’t do today.
5. The technical material to be shaped for engineering reasons is called the workpiece.
6. The Romans were the first to settle and occupy the Celtic fortress of Londinium in the 1st century BC.
6. Перепишите текст, дополняя его словами под чертой. Переведите текст на русский язык.
For hundreds of years men have built bridges over fast-flowing rivers or rocky and deep canyons. Early people probably got the idea of a bridge from a tree fallen across a stream. From this at a later stage, a bridge on a very simple bracket or cantilever principle was evolved. Timber beams were embedded into the banks on each side of the river with their ends extending over the water.
Stream, bracket, water, timber beams, men, extending, banks, deep, rocky, bridge
7. Перепишите предложения, употребляя данные в скобках глаголы в соответствующей видовременной форме. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Recent progress in hydraulic devices has made hillside models more efficient and economic.
2. This week the Moscow region has received thirty-two new Don combines for its farms.
3. Electricity also operates various automatic devices: irons, fodder heaters, milk coolers, etc.
4. I’m sure Tom will get the job with John Deere Company tomorrow. He is a talented engineer.
5. I haven’t smoked for two years now, as smoking endangers human health and pollutes atmosphere.
6. The electrical equipment controls the starting of the engine and the operation of its systems.
7. Last year Sheffield farmers harvested large crops of wheat, barley and oats.
8. The house was dirty when I dropped in. They had not cleaned in it for long weeks.
9. At that time Watt was the partner of the inventor John Rockbeeck, who financed his researches.
10. In 1767, he invented an attachment that adapted telescopes for use in the measurement of distances.
11. The light in his flat shows that Mrs. Hamlet has been waiting for him for some four hours.
12. He hardly did it when they came to see who struggled with this problem in the design center.
8. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркивая в каждом из них модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Steels and its products may be used in different branches of industry and agriculture.
2. Computers can be divided into simple and complex devices basing on their make-up and hardware details.
3. Qualified engineers are to easily define the technological properties of these materials.
4. Carol Mitchell must be getting very bored with her routine job in the office.
5. I can’t find my bag anywhere. You might have left it in the tractor repair workshop.
6. You shouldn’t believe everything you read in the user manual provided by this Turkish manufacturer.
9. Переведите текст на русский язык (письменно)
THE MODERN FARM TRACTOR
Tractors may be classed according to type of engine, how the fuel gets into the cylinder. An internal combustion engine is one in which the fuel is burned, and the power is generated within a closed cylinder. An external combustion engine is one in which the fuel is burned outside of the cylinder, and the power generated confined in a separate space to be released through the cylinder.
The engine used may be of two or four cycles, single or multiple cylinder, manifold or solid injection; low, medium or high compression; but it is still an internal com-tion engine. As such, it requires constant, systematic care and maintenance to insure the greatest efficiency and long life.
The modern farm tractor is the result of many years of development. Its present efficiency is possible because of engineering progress in design, metallurgy, fuels, lubricants, manufacturing methods and in many other respects. The modern tractor may be said to be very closely related to the modern automobile, truck, airplane, etc. - all of them having one feature in common: the internal combustion engine.
The farm tractor is capable of working long hours at capacity loads in the heat and dust of summer or in the cold and snow of winter. Long continued good performance is known to depend upon the operator. A careless operator can allow tractor motor to ruin itself in a few minutes, whereas a careful operator can prolong indefinitely the useful life and efficiency of a similar motor. Small difficulties are to be prevented from becoming large ones, which may be time consuming and expensive.
The high manifold temperatures required to vaporize low-grade fuels have the effect of reducing engine power by raising the temperature of the air in the fuel mixture. The heavy parts of these fuels often do not vaporize and simply run down the cylinder walls, washing away the lubricating oil, and diluting the oil in the crankcase. Taking all these factors into consideration, one may figure out that, theoretically, gasoline should develop 29.6 per cent more power than distillate.
Контрольная работа по английскому языку создана для тех, кто учится в сельскохозяйственных вузах.
