TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF THE USA
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Для выполнения контрольного задания 4 необходимо проработать следующие разделы курса:
1. Сложные предложения.
2. Сложносочиненные, сложноподчиненные предложения (типы придаточных предложений).
3. Условные предложения.
ВАРИАНТ 1.
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот. Проанализируйте и определите тип придаточного предложения. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык.
1. The country having a budget deficit, inflation may follow.
2. John having left the room to ring for a taxi, Mary sat down again to wait for him.
3. But I was a little nervous, there being something to report.
4. The officer sat with his long fine hands lying on the table perfectly still.
5. He sat on the sofa, his legs crossed.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие предикативный герундиальный оборот. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык.
1. I hope you don’t mind her being given two weeks’ notice.
2. He is aware of the fact of Mary getting married.
3. He couldn’t put up with the idea of our having to work there another six months.
4. We were happy of our working several years under the guidance of this well-know scientist.
5. The real reason for Mrs.Chievly returning to London was her personal interests in business.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитивный оборот. Определите тип инфинитивного оборота. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык.
1. All I want is for Jack to get out of here.
2. There was no need for him to be economical.
3. He was listening attentively to the chairman speak.
4. This firm is said to receive high profits.
5. I believed her to be knitting in the next room.
IV. Перепишите следующие условные предложения. Определите тип условного предложения, переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык.
1. If it didn’t rain now, we would go to the country.
2. If you lied to me now, I would never believe you in future.
3. You wouldn’t have made this mistake, if you had taken notice of my words then.
4. If he were younger, he would go camping too.
5. If labour resources are used properly, labour efficiency will grow.
V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст.
TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF THE USA
The development of transport facilities was very important in the growth of the United States. The first travel routes were natural waterways. No surfaced roads existed until the 1790s, when the first turnpikes were built. Besides the overland roads, many canals were constructed between the late 18th century and 1850 to link navigable rivers and lakes in the eastern United States and in the Great Lakes region. Steam railways began to appear in the East in the 1820s. The first transcontinental railway was constructed between 1862 and 1869 by the Union Pacific and Central Pacific companies, both of which received large subsidies from the federal government. Transcontinental railways were the chief means of transport used by European settlers who populated the West in the latter part of the 19th century. The railways continued to expand until 1917, when their length reached a peak of about 407,000 km. Since then motor transport became a serious competitor to the railway both for passengers and freight.
Air transport began to compete with other modes of transport after World War I. Passenger service began to gain importance in 1920s, but not until the beginning of commercial jet craft after World War II did air transport become a leading mode of travel.
During the early 1990s railways annually handled about 37.5 per cent of the total freight traffic; trucks carried 26 per cent of the freight, and oil pipelines conveyed 20 per cent. Approximately 16 per cent was shipped on inland waterways. Although the freight handled by airlines amounted to only 0.4 per cent of the total, much of the cargo consisted of high-priority or high-value items.
Private cars about 81 per cent of passengers. Airlines are the second leading mover of people, carrying more than 17 per cent of passengers. Buses are responsible for 1.1 per cent, and railways carry 0.6 per cent of passengers.
Это достаточно сложная контрольная работа по английскому языку, хотя и состоит из пяти заданий.
