Types of errors
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол–сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 1).
1. The system has been infected by a new virus.
2. PCs are constantly being improved.
3. Now many computer companies are struggling to adapt to a market in which smartphones and tablet computers have become wildly popular.
4. Mr Jobs was obsessed with product design and aesthetics, and with making advanced technology simple to use.
5. Cloud computing, which began with consumer-focused e-mail services such as Hotmail, has also caught on in the business world.
6. A new age of personal technology is dawning in which people will depend on a far wider range of devices to keep them connected to friends and colleagues.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т.е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. образец выполнения 2).
1. A computer virus is an unwanted program that has entered your system without your knowledge about it.
2. For someone with limited but usable vision, a screen magnification program may be appropriate.
3. We were instructed to document our programs very carefully.
4. Mr Jobs eschewed market researchers and focus groups, preferring to trust his own instincts when evaluating potential new product.
III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. A computer can solve complicated problems many times faster than a mathematician.
2. Programmers must write application programs in a way that computers can understand.
3. One should be careful when switching on this system.
4. Computer-controlled robots are able to improve the quality of manufactured products and to increase the productivity of industry.
IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение (см. образец выполнения 3).
1. A database manager helps you control the data you have at home, in the library or in your business.
2. The following questions are ones you might ask about any part of equipment.
3. The programming manual for the particular language you’re using will give details of what each error message means.
4. The microcomputer we have purchased does not have a FORTRAN compiler. It is programmable in BASIC only.
V. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2 абзац текста.
Types of errors
System errors affect the computer on its peripherals. For example, you might have written a program which needs access to a printer. If there is no printer present when you run the program, the computer will produce a system error message. Sometimes a system error makes the computer stop working altogether and you will have to restart the computer. A sensible way of avoiding system errors is to write code to check that peripherals are present before any data is sent into it. Then the computer would warn you by a simple message on the screen, like “printer is not ready or available”.
Syntax errors are mistakes in the programming language (like typing PRNIT instead of PRINT). Syntax errors cause the program to fail. Some translator programs won’t accept any line that has syntax errors. Some only report a syntax error when they run the program. Some languages contain special commands such as debug which will report structural errors in a program. The programming manual for the particular language you’re using will give details of what each error message means.
Mistakes that are much more difficult to detect than syntax errors are called logic errors. This is because a program containing logic errors will run but it won’t work properly. For example, you might write a program to clear the screen and then print “hello”. Here is the code for this:
10//message 30 CLS
20 PRINT ‘Hello’ 40 END
This code has a logic error in it, but the syntax is right so it will run. You can get rid of logic errors from simple programs by “hand-testing” them or doing a “dry run” which means working through each line of the program on paper to make sure it does what you want it to do. You should do this long before you type the code.
VI. Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту.
1. What types of errors are mentioned in the text?
2. What do system errors affect?
3. Can there be any errors in the programming language?
4. What do syntax errors cause?
5. Is it possible to detect mistakes?
6. What are the most difficult errors to detect?
7. What are the ways to avoid or deal with errors?
В контрольную работу входят следующие темы: видовременные формы глаголов, залог сказуемых, модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты и др.
