WHAT IS A MANAGER?
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WHAT IS A MANAGER?
A number of different terms are often used instead of the term "manager",
including "director", "administrator" and "president". The term "manager" is used
more frequently in profit-making organizations, while the others are used more
widely in government and non-profit organizations such as universities, hospitals and social work agencies.
So, whom do we call a "manager"?
In its broad meaning, the term "managers" applies to the people who are
responsible for making and carrying out decisions within a certain system. A
personnel manager directly supervises people in an organization. Financial manager is a person who is responsible for finance. Sales manager is responsible for selling of goods. A marketing manager is responsible for promotion of products on the market.
Almost everything a manager does involves decision-making. When a problem exists a manager has to make a decision to solve it. In decision-making there is always some uncertainty and risk.
Management is a variety of specific activities. Management is a function of
planning, organizing, coordinating, directing and controlling. Any managerial system, at any managerial level, is characterized in terms of these general functions.
Managing is a responsible and hard job. There is a lot to be done and relatively
little time to do it. In all types of organizations managerial efficiency depends on manager's direct personal relationships, hard work on a variety of activities and
preference for active tasks.
The characteristics of management often vary according to national culture,
which can determine how managers are trained, how they lead people and how they approach their jobs.
The amount of responsibility of any individual in a company depends on the
position that he or she occupies in its hierarchy. Managers, for example, are
responsible for leading the people directly under them, who are called subordinates. To do this successfully, they must use their authority, which is the right to take decisions and give orders. Managers often delegate authority. This means that employees at lower levels in the company hierarchy can use their initiative that is make decisions without asking their manager.
Answer the questions:
1. What is manager's role in an organization?
2. What concrete activities a production manager (financial manager, personnel
manager, marketing manager) is responsible for?
3. What is the difference between sales management and marketing
management?
4. What means to delegate authority?
Read the international words and guess their meanings:
Economic activity, economic system, macroeconomics, microeconomics, to produce, to operate, to protect, to analyze, to finance, to manufacture, to specialize, to focus, to affect, service, school, hospital, garage, fact, base, production, material, industry, radio, strategy, status, export, import, institution, distribution, division, investment, history, organization, period, spectrum, agriculture, essential, basic, industrialized, oriented (policy), national, financial, social, major, fact, base, total, primarily, public.
Контрольная по английскому создана для тех, кто изучает экономику в вузах.
