What is law
Task 1. Письменно переведите следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные условия.
1. If anybody commits a crime he or she will face investigation, prosecution and maybe imprisonment.
2. If I were you I would not waste so much time on video games and movies.
3. If she had applied for the help immediately then they could have helped her.
4. If you use an unloaded gun or a replica of a gun during the robbery, legally that counts as using a weapon.
5. If he had fastened his seatbelt, he would probably be alive.
Task 2. Письменно переведите следующие предложения, учитывая перевод независимого причастного оборота,
1. Most of the Security Council members voted for the Resolution, only Russia and China using their right of veto.
2. We could not proceed, without our superiors approving the action we planned.
3. The electoral commission consists of members of commission with a deciding and consultative vote, the chairman, deputy chairman and a secretary, the latter two are elected by the members of the commission themselves.
4. The protesters went through the main streets, their slogans being heard even from afar.
5. With the situation deteriorating quickly, some direct decisive actions must be taken.
Task 3. Переведите предложения, учитывая разные возможности перевода герундия и герундиальных оборотов.
1. Enforcing the law is a demanding and risky job, not everyone is suited for it.
2. Many criminals could be caught if some investigators paid more attention to examining the crime scene.
3. His rioting was quite expected, you cannot push hard, corner somebody and expect that he remains white and fuzzy.
4. In this company doing your job well means getting nice rewards and bonuses.
5. Russia's reacting sharply to the statement is understandable this whole topic is their pet peeve.
Task 4. Письменно переведите предложения, содержащие объектный инфинитивный оборот (The Objective Infinitive Construction)
1. In the court we asked to tell the truth, only the truth and nothing, but the truth.
2. I know the lawyer to have prepared the speech for defense.
3. Every criminal expects the court to justify him.
Task 5. Письменно переведите предложения, содержащие субъектный инфинитивный оборот (The Subjective Infinitive Construction)
1. The law-breaker was announced to be set free.
2. She is considered to be the best lawyer in our state.
Task 6. Письменно переведите предложения, принимая во внимание правила согласование времен (Sequence of Teases)
1. The prosecutor proves that the suspect is guilty.
2. The prosecutor proved that the suspect was guilty.
3. The prosecutor proved that the suspect had been guilty and previous time.
4. The prosecutor proved that the suspect would be guilty.
Task 7. Прочитайте и устно переведите приведенный ниже текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-4 абзацы текста.
Read and translate the following text
What is Law?
The English word "law" refers to limits upon various forms of behaviour. There is a vague distinction between man-made law and moral precepts. Law can be defined as a set of rules which form the pattern of behaviour of a given society. Law is one of the most basic social institutions - and one of the most necessary. No society could exist if all people did just as they pleased, without regard for the right of others. Nor could a society also have certain obligations toward one another. The Law also sets penalties for people who violate these rules and it states how government shall enforce the rules and penalties.
Law essentially serves two functions in the modem society. First, it serves to order and regulate the affairs of all "persons", corporations or governments. Secondly, law acts as a standard of conduct and morality. Through both of these functions law seeks to promote and achieve a broad range of social objectives. Law can appear as the highest achievement of civilization. In man's capacity to legislate against his own defects we can discern his chief claim to stand clearly above the animal level.
Law seems to exist apart from man and is not even noticed by him until somebody violates its orders or until it is called upon to defend interests that have been the object of encroachments.
The student of law is concerned with the questions of relationships between individual citizens and the state, as well as the relationships between states. The study of a legal process is the study of how decisions are made, who makes them, what the decisions are, how they influence subsequent events.
We commonly speak of both law and laws - the English law, or the: laws of England; and these terms point to two different aspects under which legal science may be approached. The laws of a country are separate, distinct, individual rules; the law of a country however much we may analyze it into separate rules, it is something more than the mere sum of such rules. It is rather a whole, a system which orders our conduct, in which the separate rules have their place and their relation to each other and to the whole. Thus each rule which we call a law is a part of the whole which we call the law. Lawyers generally speak of law; laymen more often of laws. This distinction between law as a system and law as enactments is brought out more clearly in those languages which use different words for each.
In a developed state the sphere in which the law operates proves to be quite extensive. It embraces all the spheres of production, distribution and exchange. Law fixes the forms of administration and the constitutional system, and determines the legal status of citizens and activity of the state mechanism (state law, administrative law). It fixes the existing property relations and operates as a regulator of the measure and forms of distribution of labour and its products among the members of society (civil law, labour law). Finally, the law lays down the measures for combating encroachment on the state system, the existing order of social relations, together with the forms in which this is done (criminal law, procedural law, and corrective labour law).
However, the laws enforced by government can be changed. In fact, laws frequently are changed to reflect changes in a society's needs and attitudes.
Speak on the essence of Law. Include the following points.
1. Law is the highest achievement of civilization: to refer to; to appear; various forms of behaviour; to be regulated by laws; to define as a set of rules; the pattern of conduct; to legislate against one's own defects; to discern one's chief claim; to stand above the animal level.
2. Functions of law: to serve; to regulate the affairs; to act; individuals; governments; a standard of conduct; morality; to seek; to promote; to achieve; a broad range; social objectives; a vague distinction; man-made law.
3. Spheres of law: to operate; to prove; to be quite extensive; to embrace all the spheres; of production; distribution and exchange; to fix the forms; the constitutional system; to determine the legal status; the existing property relations; to lay down the measures of combating encroachment.
4. Law and laws: to point; different aspects; to approach legal science; separate; distinct; individual rules; to analyze as separate rules; to order one's conduct; the mere sum of rules; to call a law; law as a system; law as enactments.
Контрольная создана для студентов юридических специальностей.
