written test 2
Part A. Grammar
Reported Speech
Direct speechis the exact words someone said. We use quotation marks in Direct speech.
He said, “I’ll wait for you”.
Reported speech is the exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words. We don’t use quotation marks in Reported speech.
He said that he would wait for me.
Say/Tell
We use say in Direct Speech. We also use say in reported speech when say is not followed by the person the words were spoken to. We use tell in Reported speech when tell is followed by the person the words were spoken to.
Expressions with say
Say good morning etc, say something, say one’s prayers, say so
Expressions with tell
Tell the truth, tell a lie, tell a secret, tell a story, tell the time, tell the difference, tell sb one’s name, tell sb the way, tell one from another
Reported Statements
1. The report statement we use a reporting verb (say, tell, advise, explain, promise etc.) followed by a that-clause. In spoken English that may be omitted.
2. Pronouns and possessive adjectives change according to the meaning.
Direct speech: He said, "I can't fix it myself."
Reported speech: He said he couldn't fix it himself.
3. Certain words change as follows:
Direct speech: this/these, here, come
Reported speech: that/those, there, go
He said that was his book. "This is my book," he said.
4. When the reporting verb is in the Past the verb tenses change as follows:
Direct speech
Reported speech
Present Simple
"I can't remember his name," she said.
Past Simple
She said she couldn't remember his name.
Present Continuous
"She's speaking to Joe," he said.
Past Continuous
He said she was speaking to Joe
Present Perfect
"I've bought you some flowers," she said.
Past Perfect
She said she had bought me some flowers.
Past Simple
"He lost all the money," she said.
Past Perfect
She said that he had lost all the money.
Future
“I’ll see you later,” he said.
Conditional
He said he would see me later.
5. Time expressing change as follows:
Direct speech
Reported speech
tonight, today, this week/month/
year
now
now that
yesterday, last night/week/month/year
tomorrow, next week/month/year
two days/months/years etc., ago
that night, that day, that week/month/
year
then, at that time, at once, immediately
since
the day before, the previous night/week/month/year
the day after, the following day, the next week/month/year
two days/months/years etc., before
"He arrived last week," she said.
She said that he had arrived the previous week.
6. There are no changes in verb tenses when the reporting verb is in the Present, Future or Present Perfect tense or when the sentence expresses something which is always true.
Direct speech
Reported speech
She'll say, "I can do it."
"The earth is round," said the teacher.
She'll say (that) she can do it.
The teacher said (that) the earth is round.
7. The past continuous does not usually change.
Direct speech
Reported speech
“I was travelling to Brighton while
she was flying to the USA," he said.
He said he was travelling to Brighton
while she was flying to the USA.
8. Certain modal verbs do not change in Reported speech. These are: would, could, might, should, ought to.
Direct speech
Reported speech
"He might visit us," Mum said.
Mum said that he might visit us.
Exercise 1. Fill in “say” or “tell” in the correct form.
The policeman _that the man was lying.
Philip _it would probably rain tomorrow.
Susan _, “Let’s go out for dinner tonight.”
Jim _ me about the party last night.
Our teacher _ he was pleased with our work.
Yesterday my friend _ he _ anyone my secret.
Stop _ lies!
Could you please _me your name?
The little girl _ her prayers and went to bed.
I really can’t _Jane from Kate. They are twins.
“I haven’t got enough money,” he _to John.
He _ he would meet us later.
Exercise 2. Report what the guests said at a wedding last Sunday.
They will make a lovely couple.
They’re going to live in Brighton.
The bride and the groom are very nice young people.
The bride is wearing a beautiful wedding dress.
The couple’s parents look happy.
The bride’s father has bought them a big flat.
Reported Questions
In Reported questions we use affirmative word order and the question mark is omitted. To report a wh- question, we use ask followed by the question word (who, what, etc). When there is no question word in direct questions, if or whether is used in Reported questions. Pronouns, possessive adjectives, tenses, time expressions etc. change as in statements.
Direct speech
Reported speech
He asked, "What time is it?"
He asked me, "Do you know her?"
He asked what time it was.
He asked me if/whether I knew
her.
Exercise 3. Report the police-officer’s questions to the shop owner.
What’s your name?
Did you see the robbers?
What were they wearing?
How do you think they got in?
What did they take?
Has this ever happened before?
The police officer asked him what his name was.
The police officer asked him if he had seen the robber.
The police officer asked him what they had been wearing.
The police officer asked him how he thought they had got in.
The police officer asked him what they had taken.
The police officer asked him if this had ever happened before.
Reported Commands/Requests/Suggestions
To report commands, requests, suggestions etc we use a reporting verb (order, ask, tell, advise, offer, warn, beg, suggest etc) followed by to -infinitive or not to - infinitive.
(suggest is followed by the -ing form. eg. He said, "Shall we go by bus?" He suggested going by bus.)
Direct speech
Reported speech
He said to me, “Stop talking!”
He said to me, “Don’t touch it!”
He told me to stop talking.
He told me not to touch it.
Exercise 4. Report what Mrs. Lane told her babysitter to do.
Don’t answer the door to anyone!
Phone me if there’s an emergency!
Don’t let the children eat any sweets!
Send the children to bed at 9 o’clock!
Give the children a bath before they go to bed!
Don’t take the dog into the children’s bedroom!
Close all the windows!
Put the toys away in the cupboard
Exercise 5. Turn from Direct into Reported speech.
1. "I've ordered a pizza for dinner," he said. .. He said that he had ordered a pizza for dinner.
2. "We must write a letter to our lawyer," she said.
3. "I will come tomorrow and fix the tap," the plumber said to them.
4. "This is the best holiday I've ever had," she said to her friend.
5. "Why did you say that to me?" she asked him.
6. "Don't speak to your father like that," she said to them.
7. "Could you show me where the manager's office is?" he asked the secretary.
Exercise 6. Choose a reporting verb and turn the following from Direct into Reported speech.
1. "I think you should take more exercise," the doctor said to me.
2. "I will not answer your questions," the actor said to him.
3. "I really will phone this evening," he said.
4. "Do you know where I've put my hat?" he said to her.
5. "What have you bought me for Christmas?" the little boy said to his parents.
6. "Go to your room now and do your homework," the mother said to her son.
7. "You will be paid twice a month," her boss said.
8. "Would you like me to drive you into town?" she said to me.
9. "Let's go for a walk!" he said.
10. "Please let me come with you," she said to her mother.
11. "Let's play in the garden," Ted said.
12. "The sun is bigger than the earth," Mary said to the children.
13 "Don't go near the fire because it's dangerous," she said to Ben.
14. "Let's have steak for dinner," said June.
15. "I promise I'll write to you as soon as I arrive, Mary," said John.
Please, don't shoot me!" he said to the robber.
Conditionals
Type 1
If-clause
Main clause(result)
Use
real
present
If+Present Simple
Unless(=if not)
Future
Imperative
can/must/may+bare infinitive
Present Slmple
real or very probable situation in the present or future
If he comes late, we'll miss the bus.
If you can't afford it, don't buy it. or Unless you can afford it, don't buy it.
If you see her, can you give her a message?
If water gets very cold, it turns into ice.
Type 2
If-clause
Main clause(result)
Use
unreal
present
If+ Past Simple
would/could/might
+bare infinitive
improbable situation in the present or future; also used to give advice
If I were you, I would see a doctor. (advice)
If I had money, I could buy a new car.(But I don’t have enough money to buy one.)(improbable situation)
Type 3
If-clause
Main clause(result)
Use
unreal
Past
If+Past Perfect
would/could/might+have+
+past participle
unreal or important situation in the past; olso used to express regrets and criticism
If you hadn't been rude, he wouldn't have fired you. (But you were very rude and he fired you.) (criticism)
Study the following notes:
We put a comma after the if- clause when it comes first.
If we go by plane, it will be more expensive.
It will be more expensive if we go by plane.
Unless means if not.
We’ll go for a picnic unless it rains.
We’ll go for a picnic if it doesn’t rain.
After if, we can use were instead of was in all persons.
If I were you, I wouldn’t spend so much money.
We don’t usually use will, would or should in if-clause.
If we take a taxi, we won’t be late.
However, we use should after if when we are less sure about possibility.
If I see him, I’ll give it to him. (Perhaps I’ll see him.)
If I should see him, I’ll give it to him. (Perhaps I’ll see him but I’m less sure.)
Exercise 7. Match the following parts of the sentences.
If I go on a diet,
If it’s sunny tomorrow,
If John doesn’t hurry,
If it snows,
If there are no busses,
If you are a good girl,
D
F
E
A
C
B
Exercise 8. Fill in: unless or if.
_ you make so much noise, I won’t be able to sleep.
I’ll tell you _there are any messages for you.
I won’t finish the work _ you help me.
_ you’re hungry, I’ll make you a sandwich.
We’ll miss the bus_ we hurry.
They won’t get married_ he gets a job.
You won’t understand _ you listen carefully.
Exercise 9. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense. Add a comma where necessary.
1. If the dog _(keep) barking, the neighbours will complain.
2. The boss _ (be) angry if you arrive late for work again.
3. If you _(eat) too much, you'll be sick!
4. If the weather is bad on Saturday, we _ (stay) at home.
5. You should see a doctor if you _ (not/feel) well.
6. If you study hard, you _ (pass) your exam.
Exercise 10. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tense.
Sarah is a bored teenager. If she 1) _ (join) a club, she 2) _ (make) more friends. She 3) _ (enjoy) herself if she 4) _ (go) out more. Her schoolwork is suffering too. If she 5) _ (study) more she 6) _ (have) better marks and she 7) _ (enter) university. Unfortunately, she is becoming overweight. She 8) _ (feel) better if she 9) _ (start) swimming, and she 10) _ (get) thinner if she 11) _ (stop) eating so much chocolate.
Exercise 11. Use the correct tense form:
If you 1) _(to make) a mistake, they will find you. If they 2) _ (to find) you they will catch you. If they 3) _ (to catch) me, I shall confess. If you 4) _ (to confess) they will put you into prison. If you 5) _ (to be) lucky, they won't catch you. If you 6) _(to go) to Rome, you'll see the Coliseum. If you 7) _ (to visit) London, probably you'll see the Queen. If you 8) _ (to stay) with me you won't see anything, but I'll be happy. When he 9) _ (to propose) to her, she'll marry him. But she won't be happy when she 10) _ (to marry) him. I shall visit you as soon as I 11) _ (to feel) better. We shall stay here as long as our money 12) _ (to last). They won't send us a telegram unless there 13) _ (to be) something urgent. You'll phone me before you 14) _ (to go) away, won't you? I’ll come to London after they 15) _ (to find) some place for us to stay at. We'll work till it 16) _ (to get) absolutely dark. Students won't get financial rewards unless they 17) _ (to get) high grades. What will you do when summer 18) _ (to come)? If he _ (to come) we'll have a problem.
Infinitive (to + verb) - Gerund (verb + -ing)
The full infinitive (inf. with to) is used:
The -ing form is used:
1. to express purpose.
He went to buy some bread
1. as a noun
Smoking is dangerous.
2. after would love / like / prefer.
I'd love to see you tonight.
2. after love, like, dislike, hate, enjoy.
I love going to discos.
3. after adjectives (angry, glad, happy, sorry, pleased, annoyed, etc).
I'm glad to see you here.
3. after start, begin, stop, finish.
He started doing his homework at
5:00.
4. with too or enough.
He's too old to drive.
She's clever enough to
understand it.
4. after go for physical activities.
She went skiing last Sunday
5. after certain verbs (advise, agree,
appear, decide, expect, hope, manage, offer, promise, refuse, seem, want, etc).
I hope to meet him again.
5. after certain verbs (avoid, admit, confess to. deny, look forward to, mind, object to, prefer, regret, risk, spend, suggest, etc).
I don't mind helping you with the dishes.
6. after question words (where, how,
what, who, which). Why is not used with to - infinitive.
I don't know what to do.
BUT: Nobody knew why he
was angry.
6. after the expressions: I'm busy, it's no use, it's (no) good, it's worth, what's the use of, be used to, there's no point (in).
It's worth seeing that film.
7.after adjectives (angry, glad, happy, sorry, pleased, annoyed, etc).
I'm glad to see you here.
7. after prepositions.
He left without taking his coat.
8. with too or enough.
He's too old to drive.
She's clever enough to
understand it.
8. after hear, see, sound to emphasize
an action in progress
I saw her crossing the street. (I saw
her while she was crossing the street.)
I saw her cross the strret (I saw her
when she had crossed the street.)
The bare infinitive (inf. without to) is used:
1. after modal verbs (can, must etc). We must leave soon.
2. after let / make / hear / see + object. Let me go or I'll make you regret it.
3. after modal verbs (can, must etc).
We must leave soon.
NOTE
1) Some verbs can take a full infinitive or the -ing form with no difference in meaning. These verbs are:
begin, hate, like, love, prefer, start etc.
e.g. He likes to watch / watching the birds.
2) If the subject of the verb is the same as the subject of the infinitive, then the subject of the infinitive is omitted. If, however, the subject of the verb is different from the subject of the infinitive, then an object pronoun (me, you, him etc) is placed before the infinitive.
Compare: I want to be back at 10 o'clock.
I want him to be back at 10 o'clock.
Exercise 12. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
Yesterday I went with my sister 1) _(buy) something for her birthday. She didn't really know what 2) _ (get) but she seemed 3) _ (like) the idea of a pet, so we went to the nearest pet shop. She started 4) _ (look) around at all the animals. The man in the shop let her 5) _ (pick up) the rabbits and stroke the hamsters, but when she saw some puppies 6) _ (play) in a box, she said that she would like 7) _ (have) one of them. I didn't know if we had enough money 8) _ (buy) one and I hoped my mother wouldn't object 9) _ (have) a dog in the house, but my sister promised 10) _ (look after) it properly and we did have enough money, so we bought a little brown dog. The man gave us a special brush for 11) _ (brush) him and some special food. Tomorrow we're going to take Splash to the beach.
Exercise 13. Put the verbs in brackets in the infinitive or the –ing form.
1 I don't like singing/to sing in public. (sing)
2. It's no use _ her. She won't listen. (tell)
3. I'm still too upset _ about it. (talk)
4. Don't disturb him. He's busy _ (work)
5. Stop _ your nails! (bite)
6. Don't expect him _ you any money. (lend)
7. I've decided _ him. (leave)
8. Mum made me _ my medicine. (take)
9. She agreed _ him ?1,000. (lend)
10. He denied _ the stolen goods. (receive)
Too + adjective/adverb
(negative implication)
He’s too young to have a car.
(He’s so young that he can’t have a car.)
Adjective/adverb + enough
(positive implication)
She’s clever enough to do the exercise. (She can do the exercise.) It’s early enough for us to catch the bus. (It’s quite early so we can still catch the bus.)
Enough + noun
He’s got enough courage to do it.
Exercise 14. Put the verbs in brackets into the infinitive or-ing form.
My mother is an amazing woman. She is 87 years old and she still enjoys 1) going out (go out) for a walk every day. She doesn't mind 2) _ (do) all her housework and she's glad 3) _ (help) her elderly neighbours when they can't 4) _(go) to the shops. She's too old 5) _ (dig) the garden any more she stopped 6) _ (do) that last year - but she's still healthy enough 7) _, (mow) the grass! In the summer she still goes 8) _ (swim) when it's warm and she lets her grandchildren 9) _ (bury) her in the sand. She often says, "It's no good 10) _ (be) alive if you don't enjoy yourself." I'd love 11) _ (be) like my mother when I'm her age.
Part B. Subject area: “People and Society”
Topic vocabulary in contrast
relationship / connection
support/assist
company/group
blame/fault
kind / polite
popular /famous
old / ancient
sympathetic / likeable
typical / usual / ordinary
crowd / audience
nervous / bad-tempered
close /near
enjoy / please
sensitive/sensible
unknown / infamous
Phrasal verbs
ask after
Ask for news about
bring up
look after a child until he or she becomes an adult
fall for
Fall in love with
fall out (with)
have an argument with and stop being friends
get on (with)
have a good relationship (with)
grow up
become older
look down on
think that you are better than
look up to
Admire and respect
make up
become friends again after an argument
pass away
Die
pick on
keep treating someone badly or unfairly
put down
criticise, make someone feel stupid
settle down
become calm after being upset, etc; stay in one place or get married and live quietly
stand up for
support in an argument or fight
take aback
surprise (usually in passive voice)
Phrases and collocations
approval
show/give (your) approval of/for sth; meet with sb's approval
argument
have an argument (with sb) (about sth/doing); win/lose an argument
care
take care (of sth/sb);care for/about sth/sb
courage
have the courage to do; it takes courage to do
disguise
in disguise; wear a disguise; disguise yourself; disguised as sth/sb
dream
have a dream (about sth/sb/doing); daydream; dream of/about doing
family
have/start a family; nuclear family; extended family
favor
do/owe sb a favour; be in favour of
friend
make/become/be/stay friends (with sb); best friend
love
be/fall in love with sb
mood
in a good/bad mood; in the right/wrong mood; in the mood for sth
pity
Pity sb;take pity on sb;feel pity for sb; it's a pity (that)
promise
promise to do; give/make sb a promise; break a/your promise
Word pattern
agree with/on/to sth; agree with sb; agree to do; agree that
allow sb to do; allow sth
approve of sth/doing; approve sth
ask sb sth; ask sb to do sth (for you); ask about/for sth; ask if/whether
attack sth; attack sb for sth/doing; an attack on sth/sb
ban sb from sth/doing; ban sth
convince sb (of sth); convince sb to do; convince sb that
force sb to do sth; force sb into sth/doing
independent of/from sth
let sb do sth
object to sth/doing
pretend to be; pretend to do;
pretend that
rely on sth/sb
Word formation
able
Unable, (in)ability, disabled, disability
achieve
Achievement
argue
argument, argumentative
care
careful(ly), careless(ly), (un)caring
correspond
Correspondence
friend
friendship, (un)friendly
happy
unhappy, (un)happiness, (un)happily
jealous
jealousy, jealously
kind
Unkind, (un)kindness, kindly
marry
marriage, (un)married
nerve
nervous(ly), nervousness
obey
disobey, (dis)obedient(ly), (dis)obedience
person
(im)personal(ly), personality
polite
impolite, (im)politely, (im)politeness
relate
relative(ly), relation, relationship
willing
unwilling, (un)willingness, (un)willingly
Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary in contrast. Choose the correct answer.
1) Everyone said they had _ themselves at the wedding.
A enjoyed С pleased
В impressed D excited
2) Mary seems to go out with a different _ of friends almost every night.
A group С company
В band D collection
3) People can become very _ when they are stuck in traffic for a long time.
A nervous С stressful
В bad-tempered D pressed
4) More and more people are living into _ age and it's a serious social problem.
A high С far
В ancient D old
5) Stephanie seems to be very _ with her classmates.
A likeable С known
В famous D popular
6) Most _ people have no idea what it's like to be famous.
A usual С typical
В ordinary D medium
7) When my parents got divorced, my best friend was very _ and
listened to all my problems.
A likeable С sympathetic
В amusing D enjoyable
8) Rita's very _ and easily gets upset when people criticise her.
A level-headed С sensible
В sensitive D open-winded
9) Police were called in when the _of people began to get violent.
A crowd С audience
В company D herd
10) My dad says he once met Robbie Williams when he was still _.
A unknown С infamous
В hidden D unrelated
Exercise 2. Topic vocabulary in contrast. Choose the correct word.
1) These days, many parents find it difficult to assist / support a large family.
2) Forgetting to thank us for dinner is usual / typical of George.
3) My grandma doesn't have any close / near family her own age left.
4) In ancient / old times, people had a very different view of the world.
5) Who was to blame / fault for the argument?
6) Don't you know it's kind / polite to close your mouth when you are eating?
7) Nathan's parents were very enjoyed / pleased when they saw him in the school play.
8) I have a very good connection / relationship with my mother.
Exercise 3. Phrasal verbs. Complete using the correct form of the words in italics. You need to use one word twice.
get make put look bring fall grow
Personality
Some of us seem to be infinitely kind, while others seem to 1) _ down on everyone around them. Some of us never forget an argument, while others 2) _ up and forgive easily. As we 3) _ up, our personality develops and we find that we 4) _ on with certain people more than others. Who we are seems to have a large genetic element, but is also influenced by those who 5) _ us up. If we 6) _up to our parents or other family members, we may want to be like them. On the other hand, if our parents seem to 7) _ us down all the time and we 8) _ out with them a lot, then perhaps we will develop quite different personalities.
Exercise 4. Phrasal verbs. Write a phrasal verb in the correct form to replace the words in italics. And any other words you need.
1) The doctor said that the old woman had passed away peacefully in her sleep.
2) I always _ my brother when he gets into trouble.
3) Tony seems to have really _ Vanessa.
4) Mark is such a bully and _ the younger boys at school.
5) I was _ when Michaela said I'd hurt her feelings.
6) Richard finally met the woman of his dreams and _ in Australia.
7) I saw Mrs Khan in the centre of town and she _you.
Exercise 5. Phrases and collocations. Write one word in each gap.
1) Could you _ me a favour and ask Oliver to see me in my office?
2) I don't have many ambitions, but I'd like to graduate and then _ a family.
3) As we walked down the street, Helen _ pity on the beggar and gave him some money.
4) Nadia's hair looked awful, but I didn't _ the courage to tell her.
5) My dad can't stand _ an argument and always has to have the last word.
6) The new law seemed to _with everyone's approval.
7) Can you _ your little sister for a minute while I go to the shop?
8) When you first _, the whole world seems a beautiful place.
9) I don't really _ friends very easily because I'm quite shy.
10) I didn't recognise Ed when I saw him because he was _ disguise.
11) You're in a very good _. Why are you so happy?
12) If you keep _ your promises, people won't trust you any more.
13) I _ a really strange dream last night about my best friend.
Exercise 6. Word patterns. Choose the correct answer.
1) The government is trying to convince people _the need for higher taxes.
A with С that
В of D for
2) I believe that judges should be independent _ the government.
A to С with
В from D on
3) Local residents object _ the new power station in their area.
A to have С of having
В having D to having
4) Do you think they should ban people _ smoking in public places?
A from С in
В that D of
5) The MP asked _ the prime minister was aware of the growing social problem.
A that С if
В him D what
6) Most people seem to agree _ the newspapers'criticism of the government.
A on С with
В to D that
7) I don't think people should rely _
the state, even if they are unemployed.
A to С on
В with D by
8) The mayor was attacked _ public money.
A for wasting С he waste
В to waste D of wasting
Exercise 7. Word patterns. Find the extra word in each line.
Living together in society
___Hell, said Jean-Paul Sartre, is other people, and whether you agree with
___or not, we are all have to learn to live together. We may not always
___approve of that other people's behaviour, but we do have to live with it.
___It is impossible to force other people in to behave exactly how we think
___they should behave. Of course, the law bans from all kinds of behaviour
___and if you can convince to enough people, you might be able to get the
___government to pass a new law. Mostly, though, you have to let off people
___live their own lives, in the same way you expect them to allow you for to
___live your life.You don't have to pretend it that you like how some other
___ people live, but letting them to be themselves is often the only choice .
Exercise 8. Word formation. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
I had a really stupid 1) _with my best friend the other day. It all ARGUE
started because we were talking about 2) _ and having a family. MARRY
I said that 3) _ is important when you are married and she said POLITE
that she thought that was rubbish and that4) _ is much more KIND
important. Well, we were 5) ) _ to agree and, in the end, she ABLE
left without saying goodbye. I do hope it doesn't spoil our 6) _ FRIEND
Exercise 9. Word formation. Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in capitals when this is necessary.
1) My best friend has a great _ (PERSON) and everyone likes her.
2) I have a good _ (RELATE) with my mum and I can talk to her about anything.
3) They’ve just published a book of George Bush’s _
(CORRESPOND) and it looks really interesting.
4) Jenny seemed _ (WILLING) to talk about her argument with Nancy, but I eventually got the facts.
5) As I waited for Kelly to arrive at the cinema, I bit my nails _
(NERVE).
6) Ignore what Sharon says about you. It's just _ (JEALOUS).
7) In the past, children were expected to be very _ OBEY).
8) Brenda blames her _ (HAPPY) on being single, but I'm not so sure.
9) Tom knew that being chosen as class president was a real _ (ACHIEVE).
10) Kevin's so sensitive that you have to be very _ (CARE) what you say to him.
Glossary
relationship (n) the way in which two or more people or groups behave towards each other: What was your relationship with your mother like?
connection (n) a relationship between things or people: Some journalists are saying that there's a connection between the criminal and the bank manager.
blame (n) responsibility for an accident, problem or bad situation: Why do I always get the blame for everything?
fault (n) the fact of being responsible for a bad or unpleasant situation: It's my fault -1 forgot to give him the message.
old (adj) something that is old has existed or been used for a long time: I'm meeting an old friend for lunch.
ancient (adj) relating to a period of history a very long time ago: The ancient Egyptians built pyramids for the dead bodies of the kings.
crowd (n) a large number of people in the same place: The boys disappeared into the crowd.
audience (n) the people who watch or listen to a performance: His jokes offended many people in the audience.
enjoy (v) to get pleasure from something: Did you enjoy your meal?
please (v) to make someone feel happy and satisfied: He'll do anything to please her.
support (v) to provide someone with the money, food, shelter or other things that they need in order to live: How can we support our families on such low wages?
assist (v) to help someone or something: Her job is to assist the head chef.
kind (adj) behaving in a way that shows you care about other people and want to help them: Thankyou, Mark,you've been very kind.
polite (adj) behaving towards other people in a pleasant way that follows all the usual rules of society: It's not polite to talk with your mouth full of food.
sympathetic (adj) willing to understand someone's problems and help them: You're not being very sympathetic.
likeable (adj) pleasant, friendly and easy to like: I've always found Bill to be a very likeable person.
nervous (adj) feeling excited and worried, or slightly afraid: Driving on mountain roads always makes me nervous.
bad-tempered (adj) made annoyed or angry very easily: / don't like our new history teacher -she's so bad-tempered!
sensitive (adj) likely to become upset very easily: Paul was always a very sensitive little boy.
sensible (adj) reasonable and practical: This seems to be a sensible way of dealing with the problem.
company (n) the activity of being with other people: I thought you might want some company tonight.
group (n) several people or things that are together or that are related to each other in some way: Why don't you join the local drama group?
popular (adj) liked by many people: Jenny is one of the most popular girls in the school.
famous (adj) if someone or something is famous, a lot of people know their name or have heard about them: He dreamt of becoming a famous footballer.
typical (adj) behaving in a way that is usual for a particular person: She responded with typical enthusiasm.
usual (adj) typical of what happens in most situations, or of what people do in most situations: She gave us her usual polite smile.
ordinary (adj) normal or average, and not unusual or special: It was just an ordinary Saturday morning.
close (adj) related to you directly, for example by being your parent, child, brother or sister: All my close relatives live in Oxford.
near (prep) close to someone or something: A group of students were standing near the entrance.
unknown (adj) if something is unknown, people do not know about it or do not know what it is: For some unknown reason, the plane landed at the wrong airport.
infamous (adj) well known for something bad: Al Capone was an infamous gangster.
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